From caf7269d7e0c11767da3f163ca8af2bd059ae2ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: JustinOros Date: Sun, 13 Jul 2025 13:25:24 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] Deleted JSON files. --- extra.json | 7226 ----------------------------------------------- general.json | 5126 --------------------------------- technician.json | 4934 -------------------------------- 3 files changed, 17286 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 extra.json delete mode 100644 general.json delete mode 100644 technician.json diff --git a/extra.json b/extra.json deleted file mode 100644 index 0a5b8f2..0000000 --- a/extra.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7226 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "id": "E1A01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.305, 97.307(b)]", - "question": "Why is it not legal to transmit a 3 kHz bandwidth USB signal with a carrier frequency of 14.348 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "USB is not used on 20-meter phone", - "The lower 1 kHz of the signal is outside the 20-meter band", - "14.348 MHz is outside the 20-meter band", - "The upper 1 kHz of the signal is outside the 20-meter band" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1A02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.301, 97.305]", - "question": "When using a transceiver that displays the carrier frequency of phone signals, which of the following displayed frequencies represents the lowest frequency at which a properly adjusted LSB emission will be totally within the band?", - "answers": [ - "The exact lower band edge", - "300 Hz above the lower band edge", - "1 kHz above the lower band edge", - "3 kHz above the lower band edge" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1A03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.305, 97.307(b)]", - "question": "What is the highest legal carrier frequency on the 20-meter band for transmitting a 2.8 kHz wide USB data signal?", - "answers": [ - "14.0708 MHz", - "14.1002 MHz", - "14.1472 MHz", - "14.3490 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1A04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.301, 97.305]", - "question": "May an Extra class operator answer the CQ of a station on 3.601 MHz LSB phone?", - "answers": [ - "Yes, the entire signal will be inside the SSB allocation for Extra class operators", - "Yes, the displayed frequency is within the 75-meter phone band segment", - "No, the sideband components will extend beyond the edge of the phone band segment", - "No, US stations are not permitted to use phone emissions below 3.610 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1A05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.5]", - "question": "Who must be in physical control of the station apparatus of an amateur station aboard any vessel or craft that is documented or registered in the United States?", - "answers": [ - "Only a person with an FCC Marine Radio license grant", - "Only a person named in an amateur station license grant", - "Any person holding an FCC issued amateur license or who is authorized for alien reciprocal operation", - "Any person named in an amateur station license grant or a person holding an unrestricted Radiotelephone Operator Permit" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1A06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.303(h)(1)]", - "question": "What is the required transmit frequency of a CW signal for channelized 60 meter operation?", - "answers": [ - "At the lowest frequency of the channel", - "At the center frequency of the channel", - "At the highest frequency of the channel", - "On any frequency where the signal’s sidebands are within the channel" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1A07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.313(k)]", - "question": "What is the maximum power permitted on the 2200-meter band?", - "answers": [ - "50 watts PEP (peak envelope power)", - "100 watts PEP (peak envelope power)", - "1 watt EIRP (equivalent isotropic radiated power)", - "5 watts EIRP (equivalent isotropic radiated power)" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1A08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.219]", - "question": "If a station in a message forwarding system inadvertently forwards a message that is in violation of FCC rules, who is primarily accountable for the rules violation?", - "answers": [ - "The control operator of the packet bulletin board station", - "The control operator of the originating station", - "The control operators of all the stations in the system", - "The control operators of all the stations in the system not authenticating the source from which they accept communications" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1A09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.313(l)]", - "question": "Except in some parts of Alaska, what is the maximum power permitted on the 630-meter band?", - "answers": [ - "50 watts PEP (peak envelope power)", - "100 watts PEP (peak envelope power)", - "1 watt EIRP (equivalent isotropic radiated power)", - "5 watts EIRP (equivalent isotropic radiated power)" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1A10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.11]", - "question": "If an amateur station is installed aboard a ship or aircraft, what condition must be met before the station is operated?", - "answers": [ - "Its operation must be approved by the master of the ship or the pilot in command of the aircraft", - "The amateur station operator must agree not to transmit when the main radio of the ship or aircraft is in use", - "The amateur station must have a power supply that is completely independent of the main ship or aircraft power supply", - "The amateur station must operate only in specific segments of the amateur service HF and VHF bands" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1A11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.5]", - "question": "What licensing is required when operating an amateur station aboard a US-registered vessel in international waters?", - "answers": [ - "Any amateur license with an FCC Marine or Aircraft endorsement", - "Any FCC-issued amateur license", - "Only General class or higher amateur licenses", - "An unrestricted Radiotelephone Operator Permit" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1B01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.3]", - "question": "Which of the following constitutes a spurious emission?", - "answers": [ - "An amateur station transmission made without the proper call sign identification", - "A signal transmitted to prevent its detection by any station other than the intended recipient", - "Any transmitted signal that unintentionally interferes with another licensed radio station and whose levels exceed 40 dB below the fundamental power level", - "An emission outside the signal’s necessary bandwidth that can be reduced or eliminated without affecting the information transmitted" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1B02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.307(f)(2)]", - "question": "Which of the following is an acceptable bandwidth for digital voice or slow-scan TV transmissions made on the HF amateur bands?", - "answers": [ - "3 kHz", - "10 kHz", - "15 kHz", - "20 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1B03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.13]", - "question": "Within what distance must an amateur station protect an FCC monitoring facility from harmful interference?", - "answers": [ - "1 mile", - "3 miles", - "10 miles", - "30 miles" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1B04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.303(b)]", - "question": "What must the control operator of a repeater operating in the 70-centimeter band do if a radiolocation system experiences interference from that repeater?", - "answers": [ - "Reduce the repeater antenna HAAT (Height Above Average Terrain)", - "File an FAA NOTAM (Notice to Air Missions) with the repeater system's ERP, call sign, and six-character grid locator", - "Cease operation or make changes to the repeater that mitigate the interference", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1B05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.3]", - "question": "What is the National Radio Quiet Zone?", - "answers": [ - "An area surrounding the FCC monitoring station in Laurel, Maryland", - "An area in New Mexico surrounding the White Sands Test Area", - "An area surrounding the National Radio Astronomy Observatory", - "An area in Florida surrounding Cape Canaveral" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1B06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.15]", - "question": "Which of the following additional rules apply if you are erecting an amateur station antenna structure at a site at or near a public use airport?", - "answers": [ - "You may have to notify the Federal Aviation Administration and register it with the FCC as required by Part 17 of the FCC rules", - "You may have to enter the height above ground in meters, and the latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds on the FAA website", - "You must file an Environmental Impact Statement with the EPA before construction begins", - "You must obtain a construction permit from the airport zoning authority per Part 119 of the FAA regulations" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1B07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.15]", - "question": "To what type of regulations does PRB-1 apply?", - "answers": [ - "Homeowners associations", - "FAA tower height limits", - "State and local zoning", - "Use of wireless devices in vehicles" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1B08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.121]", - "question": "What limitations may the FCC place on an amateur station if its signal causes interference to domestic broadcast reception, assuming that the receivers involved are of good engineering design?", - "answers": [ - "The amateur station must cease operation", - "The amateur station must cease operation on all frequencies below 30 MHz", - "The amateur station must cease operation on all frequencies above 30 MHz", - "The amateur station must avoid transmitting during certain hours on frequencies that cause the interference" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1B09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.407]", - "question": "Which amateur stations may be operated under RACES rules?", - "answers": [ - "Only those club stations licensed to Amateur Extra class operators", - "Any FCC-licensed amateur station except a Technician class", - "Any FCC-licensed amateur station certified by the responsible civil defense organization for the area served", - "Only stations meeting the FCC Part 97 technical standards for operation during an emergency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1B10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.407]", - "question": "What frequencies are authorized to an amateur station operating under RACES rules?", - "answers": [ - "All amateur service frequencies authorized to the control operator", - "Specific segments in the amateur service MF, HF, VHF, and UHF bands", - "Specific local government channels", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1B11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.15]", - "question": "What does PRB-1 require of state and local regulations affecting amateur radio antenna size and structures?", - "answers": [ - "No limitations may be placed on antenna size or placement", - "Reasonable accommodations of amateur radio must be made", - "Such structures must be permitted when use for emergency communications can be demonstrated", - "Such structures must be permitted if certified by a registered professional engineer" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1C01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.303]", - "question": "What is the maximum bandwidth for a data emission on 60 meters?", - "answers": [ - "60 Hz", - "170 Hz", - "1.5 kHz", - "2.8 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1C02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.117]", - "question": "Which of the following apply to communications transmitted to amateur stations in foreign countries?", - "answers": [ - "Third party traffic must be limited to that intended for the exclusive use of government and non-Government Organization (NGOs) involved in emergency relief activities", - "All transmissions must be in English", - "Communications must be limited to those incidental to the purpose of the amateur service and remarks of a personal nature", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1C03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.303(g)]", - "question": "How long must an operator wait after filing a notification with the Utilities Technology Council (UTC) before operating on the 2200-meter or 630-meter band?", - "answers": [ - "Operators must not operate until approval is received", - "Operators may operate after 30 days, providing they have not been told that their station is within 1 kilometer of PLC systems using those frequencies", - "Operators may not operate until a test signal has been transmitted in coordination with the local power company", - "Operations may commence immediately, and may continue unless interference is reported by the UTC" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1C04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an IARP?", - "answers": [ - "A permit that allows US amateurs to operate in certain countries of the Americas", - "The internal amateur radio practices policy of the FCC", - "An indication of increased antenna reflected power", - "A forecast of intermittent aurora radio propagation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1C05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.221(c)(1), 97.115(c)]", - "question": "Under what situation may a station transmit third party communications while being automatically controlled?", - "answers": [ - "Never", - "Only when transmitting RTTY or data emissions", - "Only when transmitting SSB or CW", - "On any mode approved by the National Telecommunication and Information Administration" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1C06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is required in order to operate in accordance with CEPT rules in foreign countries where permitted?", - "answers": [ - "You must identify in the official language of the country in which you are operating", - "The US embassy must approve of your operation", - "You must have a copy of FCC Public Notice DA 16-1048", - "You must append \"/CEPT\" to your call sign" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1C07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.303(g)]", - "question": "What notifications must be given before transmitting on the 630- or 2200-meter bands?", - "answers": [ - "A special endorsement must be requested from the FCC", - "An environmental impact statement must be filed with the Department of the Interior", - "Operators must inform the FAA of their intent to operate, giving their call sign and distance to the nearest runway", - "Operators must inform the Utilities Technology Council (UTC) of their call sign and coordinates of the station" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1C08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.213]", - "question": "What is the maximum permissible duration of a remotely controlled station’s transmissions if its control link malfunctions?", - "answers": [ - "30 seconds", - "3 minutes", - "5 minutes", - "10 minutes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1C09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.307]", - "question": "What is the highest modulation index permitted at the highest modulation frequency for angle modulation below 29.0 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "0.5", - "1.0", - "2.0", - "3.0" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1C10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.307]", - "question": "What is the maximum mean power level for a spurious emission below 30 MHz with respect to the fundamental emission?", - "answers": [ - "- 43 dB", - "- 53 dB", - "- 63 dB", - "- 73 dB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1C11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.5]", - "question": "Which of the following operating arrangements allows an FCC-licensed US citizen to operate in many European countries, and amateurs from many European countries to operate in the US?", - "answers": [ - "CEPT", - "IARP", - "ITU reciprocal license", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1C12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.305(c)]", - "question": "In what portion of the 630-meter band are phone emissions permitted?", - "answers": [ - "None", - "Only the top 3 kHz", - "Only the bottom 3 kHz", - "The entire band" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1D01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.3]", - "question": "What is the definition of telemetry?", - "answers": [ - "One-way transmission of measurements at a distance from the measuring instrument", - "Two-way transmissions in excess of 1000 feet", - "Two-way transmissions of data", - "One-way transmission that initiates, modifies, or terminates the functions of a device at a distance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1D02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.211(b)]", - "question": "Which of the following may transmit encrypted messages?", - "answers": [ - "Telecommand signals to terrestrial repeaters", - "Telecommand signals from a space telecommand station", - "Auxiliary relay links carrying repeater audio", - "Mesh network backbone nodes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1D03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.3(a)(45)]", - "question": "What is a space telecommand station?", - "answers": [ - "An amateur station located on the surface of the Earth for communication with other Earth stations by means of Earth satellites", - "An amateur station that transmits communications to initiate, modify, or terminate functions of a space station", - "An amateur station located in a satellite or a balloon more than 50 kilometers above the surface of the Earth", - "An amateur station that receives telemetry from a satellite or balloon more than 50 kilometers above the surface of the Earth" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1D04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.119(a)]", - "question": "Which of the following is required in the identification transmissions from a balloon-borne telemetry station?", - "answers": [ - "Call sign", - "The output power of the balloon transmitter", - "The station's six-character Maidenhead grid locator", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1D05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.213(d)]", - "question": "What must be posted at the location of a station being operated by telecommand on or within 50 kilometers of the Earth’s surface?", - "answers": [ - "A photocopy of the station license", - "A label with the name, address, and telephone number of the station licensee", - "A label with the name, address, and telephone number of the control operator", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1D06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.215(c)]", - "question": "What is the maximum permitted transmitter output power when operating a model craft by telecommand?", - "answers": [ - "1 watt", - "2 watts", - "5 watts", - "100 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1D07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.207]", - "question": "Which of the following HF amateur bands include allocations for space stations?", - "answers": [ - "40 meters, 20 meters, 15 meters, and 10 meters", - "30 meters, 17 meters, and 10 meters", - "Only 10 meters", - "Satellite operation is permitted on all HF bands" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1D08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.207]", - "question": "Which VHF amateur bands have frequencies authorized for space stations?", - "answers": [ - "6 meters and 2 meters", - "6 meters, 2 meters, and 1.25 meters", - "2 meters and 1.25 meters", - "2 meters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1D09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.207]", - "question": "Which UHF amateur bands have frequencies authorized for space stations?", - "answers": [ - "70 centimeters only", - "70 centimeters and 13 centimeters", - "70 centimeters and 33 centimeters", - "33 centimeters and 13 centimeters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1D10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.211]", - "question": "Which amateur stations are eligible to be telecommand stations of space stations, subject to the privileges of the class of operator license held by the control operator of the station?", - "answers": [ - "Any amateur station approved by AMSAT", - "Any amateur station so designated by the space station licensee", - "Any amateur station so designated by the ITU", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1D11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.209]", - "question": "Which amateur stations are eligible to operate as Earth stations?", - "answers": [ - "Any amateur licensee who has successfully completed the AMSAT space communications course", - "Only those of General, Advanced or Amateur Extra class operators", - "Only those of Amateur Extra class operators", - "Any amateur station, subject to the privileges of the class of operator license held by the control operator" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1D12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.207(e), 97.203(g)]", - "question": "Which of the following amateur stations may transmit one-way communications?", - "answers": [ - "A space station, beacon station, or telecommand station", - "A local repeater or linked repeater station", - "A message forwarding station or automatically controlled digital station", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1E01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.527]", - "question": "For which types of out-of-pocket expenses do the Part 97 rules state that VEs and VECs may be reimbursed?", - "answers": [ - "Preparing, processing, administering, and coordinating an examination for an amateur radio operator license", - "Teaching an amateur operator license examination preparation course", - "No expenses are authorized for reimbursement", - "Providing amateur operator license examination preparation training materials" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1E02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.523]", - "question": "Who is tasked by Part 97 with maintaining the pools of questions for all US amateur license examinations?", - "answers": [ - "The VEs", - "The FCC", - "The VECs", - "The ARRL" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1E03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.521]", - "question": "What is a Volunteer Examiner Coordinator?", - "answers": [ - "A person who has volunteered to administer amateur operator license examinations", - "An organization paid by the volunteer examiner team to publicize and schedule examinations", - "An organization that has entered into an agreement with the FCC to coordinate, prepare, and administer amateur operator license examinations", - "The person who has entered into an agreement with the FCC to be the VE session manager" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1E04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.509, 97.525]", - "question": "What is required to be accredited as a Volunteer Examiner?", - "answers": [ - "Each General, Advanced and Amateur Extra class operator is automatically accredited as a VE when the license is granted", - "The amateur operator applying must pass a VE examination administered by the FCC Enforcement Bureau", - "The prospective VE must obtain accreditation from the FCC", - "A VEC must confirm that the VE applicant meets FCC requirements to serve as an examiner" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1E05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.509(j)]", - "question": "What must the VE team do with the application form if the examinee does not pass the exam?", - "answers": [ - "Maintain the application form with the VEC’s records", - "Return the application document to the examinee", - "Send the application form to the FCC and inform the FCC of the grade", - "Destroy the application form" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1E06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.509]", - "question": "Who is responsible for the proper conduct and necessary supervision during an amateur operator license examination session?", - "answers": [ - "The VEC coordinating the session", - "The designated monitoring VE", - "Each administering VE", - "Only the VE session manager" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1E07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.509, 97.511]", - "question": "What should a VE do if a candidate fails to comply with the examiner’s instructions during an amateur operator license examination?", - "answers": [ - "Warn the candidate that continued failure to comply will result in termination of the examination", - "Immediately terminate the candidate’s examination", - "Allow the candidate to complete the examination, but invalidate the results", - "Immediately terminate everyone’s examination and close the session" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1E08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.509]", - "question": "To which of the following examinees may a VE not administer an examination?", - "answers": [ - "Employees of the VE", - "Friends of the VE", - "Relatives of the VE as listed in the FCC rules", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1E09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.509]", - "question": "What may be the penalty for a VE who fraudulently administers or certifies an examination?", - "answers": [ - "Revocation of the VE’s amateur station license grant and the suspension of the VE’s amateur operator license grant", - "A fine of up to $1,000 per occurrence", - "A sentence of up to one year in prison", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1E10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.509(m)]", - "question": "What must the administering VEs do after the administration of a successful examination for an amateur operator license?", - "answers": [ - "They must collect and send the documents directly to the FCC", - "They must collect and submit the documents to the coordinating VEC for grading", - "They must submit the application document to the coordinating VEC according to the coordinating VEC instructions", - "They must return the documents to the applicant for submission to the FCC according to the FCC instructions" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1E11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.509(i)]", - "question": "What must the VE team do if an examinee scores a passing grade on all examination elements needed for an upgrade or new license?", - "answers": [ - "Photocopy all examination documents and forward them to the FCC for processing", - "Three VEs must certify that the examinee is qualified for the license grant and that they have complied with the administering VE requirements", - "Issue the examinee the new or upgrade license", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1F01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.305]", - "question": "On what frequencies are spread spectrum transmissions permitted?", - "answers": [ - "Only on amateur frequencies above 50 MHz", - "Only on amateur frequencies above 222 MHz", - "Only on amateur frequencies above 420 MHz", - "Only on amateur frequencies above 144 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1F02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.107]", - "question": "What privileges are authorized in the US to persons holding an amateur service license granted by the government of Canada?", - "answers": [ - "None, they must obtain a US license", - "Full privileges of the General class license on the 80-, 40-, 20-, 15-, and 10-meter bands", - "The operating terms and conditions of the Canadian amateur service license, not to exceed US Amateur Extra class license privileges", - "Full privileges, up to and including those of the Amateur Extra class license, on the 80-, 40-, 20-, 15-, and 10-meter bands" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1F03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.315]", - "question": "Under what circumstances may a dealer sell an external RF power amplifier capable of operation below 144 MHz if it has not been granted FCC certification?", - "answers": [ - "Gain is less than 23 dB when driven by power of 10 watts or less", - "The equipment dealer assembled it from a kit", - "It was manufactured and certificated in a country which has a reciprocal certification agreement with the FCC", - "The amplifier is constructed or modified by an amateur radio operator for use at an amateur station" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1F04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.3]", - "question": "Which of the following geographic descriptions approximately describes \"Line A\"?", - "answers": [ - "A line roughly parallel to and south of the border between the US and Canada", - "A line roughly parallel to and west of the US Atlantic coastline", - "A line roughly parallel to and north of the border between the US and Mexico", - "A line roughly parallel to and east of the US Pacific coastline" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1F05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.303]", - "question": "Amateur stations may not transmit in which of the following frequency segments if they are located in the contiguous 48 states and north of Line A?", - "answers": [ - "440 MHz - 450 MHz", - "53 MHz - 54 MHz", - "222 MHz - 223 MHz", - "420 MHz - 430 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1F06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[1.931]", - "question": "Under what circumstances might the FCC issue a Special Temporary Authority (STA) to an amateur station?", - "answers": [ - "To provide for experimental amateur communications", - "To allow use of a special event call sign", - "To allow a VE group with less than three VEs to administer examinations in a remote, sparsely populated area", - "To allow a licensee who has passed an upgrade exam to operate with upgraded privileges while waiting for posting on the FCC database" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1F07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.113]", - "question": "When may an amateur station send a message to a business?", - "answers": [ - "When the pecuniary interest of the amateur or his or her employer is less than $25", - "When the pecuniary interest of the amateur or his or her employer is less than $50", - "At no time", - "When neither the amateur nor their employer has a pecuniary interest in the communications" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1F08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.113(c)]", - "question": "Which of the following types of amateur station communications are prohibited?", - "answers": [ - "Communications transmitted for hire or material compensation, except as otherwise provided in the rules", - "Communications that have political content, except as allowed by the Fairness Doctrine", - "Communications that have religious content", - "Communications in a language other than English" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1F09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[FCC Part 97.113(a)(4)]", - "question": "Which of the following cannot be transmitted over an amateur radio mesh network?", - "answers": [ - "Third party traffic", - "Email", - "Messages encoded to obscure their meaning", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1F10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.201]", - "question": "Who may be the control operator of an auxiliary station?", - "answers": [ - "Any licensed amateur operator", - "Only Technician, General, Advanced, or Amateur Extra class operators", - "Only General, Advanced, or Amateur Extra class operators", - "Only Amateur Extra class operators" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E1F11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.317]", - "question": "Which of the following best describes one of the standards that must be met by an external RF power amplifier if it is to qualify for a grant of FCC certification?", - "answers": [ - "It must produce full legal output when driven by not more than 5 watts of mean RF input power", - "It must have received an Underwriters Laboratory certification for electrical safety as well as having met IEEE standard 14.101(B)", - "It must exhibit a gain of less than 23 dB when driven by 10 watts or less", - "It must satisfy the FCC’s spurious emission standards when operated at the lesser of 1500 watts or its full output power" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2A01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the direction of an ascending pass for an amateur satellite?", - "answers": [ - "From west to east", - "From east to west", - "From south to north", - "From north to south" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2A02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is characteristic of an inverting linear transponder?", - "answers": [ - "Doppler shift is reduced because the uplink and downlink shifts are in opposite directions", - "Signal position in the band is reversed", - "Upper sideband on the uplink becomes lower sideband on the downlink, and vice versa", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2A03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is an upload signal processed by an inverting linear transponder?", - "answers": [ - "The signal is detected and remodulated on the reverse sideband", - "The signal is passed through a nonlinear filter", - "The signal is reduced to I and Q components, and the Q component is filtered out", - "The signal is mixed with a local oscillator signal and the difference product is transmitted" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2A04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is meant by the “mode” of an amateur radio satellite?", - "answers": [ - "Whether the satellite is in a low earth or geostationary orbit", - "The satellite’s uplink and downlink frequency bands", - "The satellite’s orientation with respect to the Earth", - "Whether the satellite is in a polar or equatorial orbit" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2A05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What do the letters in a satellite’s mode designator specify?", - "answers": [ - "Power limits for uplink and downlink transmissions", - "The location of the ground control station", - "The polarization of uplink and downlink signals", - "The uplink and downlink frequency ranges" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2A06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What are Keplerian elements?", - "answers": [ - "Parameters that define the orbit of a satellite", - "Phase reversing elements in a Yagi antenna", - "High-emission heater filaments used in magnetron tubes", - "Encrypting codes used for spread spectrum modulation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2A07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following types of signals can be relayed through a linear transponder?", - "answers": [ - "FM and CW", - "SSB and SSTV", - "PSK and packet", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2A08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why should effective radiated power (ERP) be limited to a satellite that uses a linear transponder?", - "answers": [ - "To prevent creating errors in the satellite telemetry", - "To avoid reducing the downlink power to all other users", - "To prevent the satellite from emitting out-of-band signals", - "To avoid interfering with terrestrial QSOs" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2A09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What do the terms “L band” and “S band” specify?", - "answers": [ - "The 23- and 13-centimeter bands", - "The 2-meter and 70-centimeter bands", - "FM and digital store-and-forward systems", - "Which sideband to use" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2A10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of satellite appears to stay in one position in the sky?", - "answers": [ - "HEO", - "Geostationary", - "Geomagnetic", - "LEO" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2A11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of antenna can be used to minimize the effects of spin modulation and Faraday rotation?", - "answers": [ - "A linearly polarized antenna", - "A circularly polarized antenna", - "An isotropic antenna", - "A log-periodic dipole array" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2A12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of digital store-and-forward functions on an amateur radio satellite?", - "answers": [ - "To upload operational software for the transponder", - "To delay download of telemetry between satellites", - "To hold digital messages in the satellite for later download", - "To relay messages between satellites" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2A13", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following techniques is used by digital satellites to relay messages?", - "answers": [ - "Digipeating", - "Store-and-forward", - "Multisatellite relaying", - "Node hopping" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2B01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "In digital television, what does a coding rate of 3/4 mean?", - "answers": [ - "25% of the data sent is forward error correction data", - "Data compression reduces data rate by 3/4", - "1/4 of the time interval is used as a guard interval", - "Three, four-bit words are used to transmit each pixel" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2B02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How many horizontal lines make up a fast-scan (NTSC) television frame?", - "answers": [ - "30", - "60", - "525", - "1080" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2B03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is an interlaced scanning pattern generated in a fast-scan (NTSC) television system?", - "answers": [ - "By scanning two fields simultaneously", - "By scanning each field from bottom-to-top", - "By scanning lines from left-to-right in one field and right-to-left in the next", - "By scanning odd-numbered lines in one field and even-numbered lines in the next" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2B04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is color information sent in analog SSTV?", - "answers": [ - "Color lines are sent sequentially", - "Color information is sent on a 2.8 kHz subcarrier", - "Color is sent in a color burst at the end of each line", - "Color is amplitude modulated on the frequency modulated intensity signal" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2B05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes the use of vestigial sideband in analog fast-scan TV transmissions?", - "answers": [ - "The vestigial sideband carries the audio information", - "The vestigial sideband contains chroma information", - "Vestigial sideband reduces the bandwidth while increasing the fidelity of low frequency video components", - "Vestigial sideband provides high frequency emphasis to sharpen the picture" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2B06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is vestigial sideband modulation?", - "answers": [ - "Amplitude modulation in which one complete sideband and a portion of the other are transmitted", - "A type of modulation in which one sideband is inverted", - "Narrow-band FM modulation achieved by filtering one sideband from the audio before frequency modulating the carrier", - "Spread spectrum modulation achieved by applying FM modulation following single sideband amplitude modulation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2B07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which types of modulation are used for amateur television DVB-T signals?", - "answers": [ - "FM and FSK", - "QAM and QPSK", - "AM and OOK", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2B08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What technique allows commercial analog TV receivers to be used for fast-scan TV operations on the 70-centimeter band?", - "answers": [ - "Transmitting on channels shared with cable TV", - "Using converted satellite TV dishes", - "Transmitting on the abandoned TV channel 2", - "Using USB and demodulating the signal with a computer sound card" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2B09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What kind of receiver can be used to receive and decode SSTV using the Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) protocol?", - "answers": [ - "CDMA", - "AREDN", - "AM", - "SSB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2B10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What aspect of an analog slow-scan television signal encodes the brightness of the picture?", - "answers": [ - "Tone frequency", - "Tone amplitude", - "Sync amplitude", - "Sync frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2B11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the function of the vertical interval signaling (VIS) code sent as part of an SSTV transmission?", - "answers": [ - "To lock the color burst oscillator in color SSTV images", - "To identify the SSTV mode being used", - "To provide vertical synchronization", - "To identify the call sign of the station transmitting" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2B12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What signals SSTV receiving software to begin a new picture line?", - "answers": [ - "Specific tone frequencies", - "Elapsed time", - "Specific tone amplitudes", - "A two-tone signal" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2C01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What indicator is required to be used by US-licensed operators when operating a station via remote control and the remote transmitter is located in the US?", - "answers": [ - "/ followed by the USPS two-letter abbreviation for the state in which the remote station is located", - "/R# where # is the district of the remote station", - "/ followed by the ARRL Section of the remote station", - "No additional indicator is required" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2C02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following file formats is used for exchanging amateur radio log data?", - "answers": [ - "NEC", - "ARLD", - "ADIF", - "OCF" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2C03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "From which of the following bands is amateur radio contesting generally excluded?", - "answers": [ - "30 meters", - "6 meters", - "70 centimeters", - "33 centimeters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2C04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following frequencies can be used for amateur radio mesh networks?", - "answers": [ - "HF frequencies where digital communications are permitted", - "Frequencies shared with various unlicensed wireless data services", - "Cable TV channels 41-43", - "The 60-meter band channel centered on 5373 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2C05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the function of a DX QSL Manager?", - "answers": [ - "Allocate frequencies for DXpeditions", - "Handle the receiving and sending of confirmations for a DX station", - "Run a net to allow many stations to contact a rare DX station", - "Communicate to a DXpedition about propagation, band openings, pileup conditions, etc." - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2C06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "During a VHF/UHF contest, in which band segment would you expect to find the highest level of SSB or CW activity?", - "answers": [ - "At the top of each band, usually in a segment reserved for contests", - "In the middle of each band, usually on the national calling frequency", - "In the weak signal segment of the band, with most of the activity near the calling frequency", - "In the middle of the band, usually 25 kHz above the national calling frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2C07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the Cabrillo format?", - "answers": [ - "A standard for submission of electronic contest logs", - "A method of exchanging information during a contest QSO", - "The most common set of contest rules", - "A digital protocol specifically designed for rapid contest exchanges" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2C08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following contacts may be confirmed through the Logbook of The World (LoTW)?", - "answers": [ - "Special event contacts between stations in the US", - "Contacts between a US station and a non-US station", - "Contacts for Worked All States credit", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2C09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of equipment is commonly used to implement an amateur radio mesh network?", - "answers": [ - "A 2-meter VHF transceiver with a 1,200-baud modem", - "A computer running EchoLink to provide interface from the radio to the internet", - "A wireless router running custom firmware", - "A 440 MHz transceiver with a 9,600-baud modem" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2C10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why do DX stations often transmit and receive on different frequencies?", - "answers": [ - "Because the DX station may be transmitting on a frequency that is prohibited to some responding stations", - "To separate the calling stations from the DX station", - "To improve operating efficiency by reducing interference", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2C11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How should you generally identify your station when attempting to contact a DX station during a contest or in a pileup?", - "answers": [ - "Send your full call sign once or twice", - "Send only the last two letters of your call sign until you make contact", - "Send your full call sign and grid square", - "Send the call sign of the DX station three times, the words “this is,” then your call sign three times" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2C12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What indicates the delay between a control operator action and the corresponding change in the transmitted signal?", - "answers": [ - "Jitter", - "Hang time", - "Latency", - "Anti-VOX" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2D01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following digital modes is designed for meteor scatter communications?", - "answers": [ - "WSPR", - "MSK144", - "Hellschreiber", - "APRS" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2D02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What information replaces signal-to-noise ratio when using the FT8 or FT4 modes in a VHF contest?", - "answers": [ - "RST report", - "State abbreviation", - "Serial number", - "Grid square" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2D03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following digital modes is designed for EME communications?", - "answers": [ - "MSK144", - "PACTOR III", - "WSPR", - "Q65" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2D04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What technology is used for real-time tracking of balloons carrying amateur radio transmitters?", - "answers": [ - "FT8", - "Bandwidth compressed LORAN", - "APRS", - "PACTOR III" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2D05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the characteristic of the JT65 mode?", - "answers": [ - "Uses only a 65 Hz bandwidth", - "Decodes signals with a very low signal-to-noise ratio", - "Symbol rate is 65 baud", - "Permits fast-scan TV transmissions over narrow bandwidth" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2D06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a method for establishing EME contacts?", - "answers": [ - "Time-synchronous transmissions alternating between stations", - "Storing and forwarding digital messages", - "Judging optimum transmission times by monitoring beacons reflected from the moon", - "High-speed CW identification to avoid fading" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2D07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What digital protocol is used by APRS?", - "answers": [ - "PACTOR", - "QAM", - "AX.25", - "AMTOR" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2D08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of packet frame is used to transmit APRS beacon data?", - "answers": [ - "Acknowledgement", - "Burst", - "Unnumbered Information", - "Connect" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2D09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of modulation is used by JT65?", - "answers": [ - "Multitone AFSK", - "PSK", - "RTTY", - "QAM" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2D10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the packet path WIDE3-1 designate?", - "answers": [ - "Three stations are allowed on frequency, one transmitting at a time", - "Three subcarriers are permitted, subcarrier one is being used", - "Three digipeater hops are requested with one remaining", - "Three internet gateway stations may receive one transmission" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2D11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How do APRS stations relay data?", - "answers": [ - "By packet ACK/NAK relay", - "By C4FM repeaters", - "By DMR repeaters", - "By packet digipeaters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2E01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following types of modulation is used for data emissions below 30 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "DTMF tones modulating an FM signal", - "FSK", - "Pulse modulation", - "Spread spectrum" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2E02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following synchronizes WSJT-X digital mode transmit/receive timing?", - "answers": [ - "Alignment of frequency shifts", - "Synchronization of computer clocks", - "Sync-field transmission", - "Sync-pulse timing" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2E03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "To what does the \"4\" in FT4 refer?", - "answers": [ - "Multiples of 4 bits of user information", - "Four-tone continuous-phase frequency shift keying", - "Four transmit/receive cycles per minute", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2E04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is characteristic of the FST4 mode?", - "answers": [ - "Four-tone Gaussian frequency shift keying", - "Variable transmit/receive periods", - "Seven different tone spacings", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2E05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of these digital modes does not support keyboard-to-keyboard operation?", - "answers": [ - "WSPR", - "RTTY", - "PSK31", - "MFSK16" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2E06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the length of an FT8 transmission cycle?", - "answers": [ - "It varies with the amount of data", - "8 seconds", - "15 seconds", - "30 seconds" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2E07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does Q65 differ from JT65?", - "answers": [ - "Keyboard-to keyboard operation is supported", - "Quadrature modulation is used", - "Multiple receive cycles are averaged", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2E08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following HF digital modes can be used to transfer binary files?", - "answers": [ - "PSK31", - "PACTOR", - "RTTY", - "AMTOR" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2E09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following HF digital modes uses variable-length character coding?", - "answers": [ - "RTTY", - "PACTOR", - "MT63", - "PSK31" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2E10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of these digital modes has the narrowest bandwidth?", - "answers": [ - "MFSK16", - "170 Hz shift, 45-baud RTTY", - "FT8", - "PACTOR IV" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2E11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the difference between direct FSK and audio FSK?", - "answers": [ - "Direct FSK modulates the transmitter VFO", - "Direct FSK occupies less bandwidth", - "Direct FSK can transmit higher baud rates", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2E12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How do ALE stations establish contact?", - "answers": [ - "ALE constantly scans a list of frequencies, activating the radio when the designated call sign is received", - "ALE radios monitor an internet site for the frequency they are being paged on", - "ALE radios send a constant tone code to establish a frequency for future use", - "ALE radios activate when they hear their signal echoed by back scatter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E2E13", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of these digital modes has the highest data throughput under clear communication conditions?", - "answers": [ - "MFSK16", - "170 Hz shift, 45 baud RTTY", - "FT8", - "PACTOR IV" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3A01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate maximum separation measured along the surface of the Earth between two stations communicating by EME?", - "answers": [ - "2,000 miles, if the moon is at perigee", - "2,000 miles, if the moon is at apogee", - "5,000 miles, if the moon is at perigee", - "12,000 miles, if the moon is “visible” by both stations" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3A02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What characterizes libration fading of an EME signal?", - "answers": [ - "A slow change in the pitch of the CW signal", - "A fluttery, irregular fading", - "A gradual loss of signal as the sun rises", - "The returning echo is several hertz lower in frequency than the transmitted signal" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3A03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "When scheduling EME contacts, which of these conditions will generally result in the least path loss?", - "answers": [ - "When the Moon is at perigee", - "When the Moon is full", - "When the Moon is at apogee", - "When the MUF is above 30 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3A04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "In what direction does an electromagnetic wave travel?", - "answers": [ - "It depends on the phase angle of the magnetic field", - "It travels parallel to the electric and magnetic fields", - "It depends on the phase angle of the electric field", - "It travels at a right angle to the electric and magnetic fields" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3A05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How are the component fields of an electromagnetic wave oriented?", - "answers": [ - "They are parallel", - "They are tangential", - "They are at right angles", - "They are 90 degrees out of phase" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3A06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What should be done to continue a long-distance contact when the MUF for that path decreases due to darkness?", - "answers": [ - "Switch to a higher frequency HF band", - "Switch to a lower frequency HF band", - "Change to an antenna with a higher takeoff angle", - "Change to an antenna with greater beam width" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3A07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Atmospheric ducts capable of propagating microwave signals often form over what geographic feature?", - "answers": [ - "Mountain ranges", - "Stratocumulus clouds", - "Large bodies of water", - "Nimbus clouds" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3A08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "When a meteor strikes the Earth’s atmosphere, a linear ionized region is formed at what region of the ionosphere?", - "answers": [ - "The E region", - "The F1 region", - "The F2 region", - "The D region" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3A09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following frequency ranges is most suited for meteor-scatter communications?", - "answers": [ - "1.8 MHz - 1.9 MHz", - "10 MHz - 14 MHz", - "28 MHz - 148 MHz", - "220 MHz - 450 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3A10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What determines the speed of electromagnetic waves through a medium?", - "answers": [ - "Resistance and reactance", - "Evanescence", - "Birefringence", - "The index of refraction" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3A11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a typical range for tropospheric duct propagation of microwave signals?", - "answers": [ - "10 miles to 50 miles", - "100 miles to 300 miles", - "1,200 miles", - "2,500 miles" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3A12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is most likely to result in auroral propagation?", - "answers": [ - "Meteor showers", - "Quiet geomagnetic conditions", - "Severe geomagnetic storms", - "Extreme low-pressure areas in polar regions" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3A13", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of these emission modes is best for auroral propagation?", - "answers": [ - "CW", - "SSB", - "FM", - "RTTY" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3A14", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What are circularly polarized electromagnetic waves?", - "answers": [ - "Waves with an electric field bent into a circular shape", - "Waves with rotating electric and magnetic fields", - "Waves that circle Earth", - "Waves produced by a loop antenna" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3B01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Where is transequatorial propagation (TEP) most likely to occur?", - "answers": [ - "Between points separated by 2,000 miles to 3,000 miles over a path perpendicular to the geomagnetic equator", - "Between points located 1,500 miles to 2,000 miles apart on the geomagnetic equator", - "Between points located at each other’s antipode", - "Through the region where the terminator crosses the geographic equator" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3B02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate maximum range for signals using transequatorial propagation?", - "answers": [ - "1,000 miles", - "2,500 miles", - "5,000 miles", - "7,500 miles" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3B03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "At what time of day is transequatorial propagation most likely to occur?", - "answers": [ - "Morning", - "Noon", - "Afternoon or early evening", - "Late at night" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3B04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What are “extraordinary” and “ordinary” waves?", - "answers": [ - "Extraordinary waves exhibit rare long-skip propagation, compared to ordinary waves, which travel shorter distances", - "Independently propagating, elliptically polarized waves created in the ionosphere", - "Long-path and short-path waves", - "Refracted rays and reflected waves" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3B05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following paths is most likely to support long-distance propagation on 160 meters?", - "answers": [ - "A path entirely in sunlight", - "Paths at high latitudes", - "A direct north-south path", - "A path entirely in darkness" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3B06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "On which of the following amateur bands is long-path propagation most frequent?", - "answers": [ - "160 meters and 80 meters", - "40 meters and 20 meters", - "10 meters and 6 meters", - "6 meters and 2 meters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3B07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What effect does lowering a signal’s transmitted elevation angle have on ionospheric HF skip propagation?", - "answers": [ - "Faraday rotation becomes stronger", - "The MUF decreases", - "The distance covered by each hop increases", - "The critical frequency increases" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3B08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does the maximum range of ground-wave propagation change when the signal frequency is increased?", - "answers": [ - "It stays the same", - "It increases", - "It decreases", - "It peaks at roughly 8 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3B09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "At what time of year is sporadic-E propagation most likely to occur?", - "answers": [ - "Around the solstices, especially the summer solstice", - "Around the solstices, especially the winter solstice", - "Around the equinoxes, especially the spring equinox", - "Around the equinoxes, especially the fall equinox" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3B10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the effect of chordal-hop propagation?", - "answers": [ - "The signal experiences less loss compared to multi-hop propagation, which uses Earth as a reflector", - "The MUF for chordal-hop propagation is much lower than for normal skip propagation", - "Atmospheric noise is reduced in the direction of chordal-hop propagation", - "Signals travel faster along ionospheric chords" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3B11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "At what time of day is sporadic-E propagation most likely to occur?", - "answers": [ - "Between midnight and sunrise", - "Between sunset and midnight", - "Between sunset and sunrise", - "Between sunrise and sunset" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3B12", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is chordal-hop propagation?", - "answers": [ - "Propagation away from the great circle bearing between stations", - "Successive ionospheric refractions without an intermediate reflection from the ground", - "Propagation across the geomagnetic equator", - "Signals reflected back toward the transmitting station" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3B13", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of polarization is supported by ground-wave propagation?", - "answers": [ - "Vertical", - "Horizontal", - "Circular", - "Elliptical" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3C01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the cause of short-term radio blackouts?", - "answers": [ - "Coronal mass ejections", - "Sunspots on the solar equator", - "North-oriented interplanetary magnetic field", - "Solar flares" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3C02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is indicated by a rising A-index or K-index?", - "answers": [ - "Increasing disturbance of the geomagnetic field", - "Decreasing disturbance of the geomagnetic field", - "Higher levels of solar UV radiation", - "An increase in the critical frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3C03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following signal paths is most likely to experience high levels of absorption when the A-index or K-index is elevated?", - "answers": [ - "Transequatorial", - "Through the auroral oval", - "Sporadic-E", - "NVIS" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3C04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the value of Bz (B sub z) represent?", - "answers": [ - "Geomagnetic field stability", - "Critical frequency for vertical transmissions", - "North-south strength of the interplanetary magnetic field", - "Duration of long-delayed echoes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3C05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What orientation of Bz (B sub z) increases the likelihood that charged particles from the Sun will cause disturbed conditions?", - "answers": [ - "Southward", - "Northward", - "Eastward", - "Westward" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3C06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does the VHF/UHF radio horizon compare to the geographic horizon?", - "answers": [ - "It is approximately 15 percent farther", - "It is approximately 20 percent nearer", - "It is approximately 50 percent farther", - "They are approximately the same" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3C07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following indicates the greatest solar flare intensity?", - "answers": [ - "Class A", - "Class Z", - "Class M", - "Class X" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3C08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is the space-weather term for an extreme geomagnetic storm?", - "answers": [ - "B9", - "X5", - "M9", - "G5" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3C09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of data is reported by amateur radio propagation reporting networks?", - "answers": [ - "Solar flux", - "Electric field intensity", - "Magnetic declination", - "Digital-mode and CW signals" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3C10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the 304A solar parameter measure?", - "answers": [ - "The ratio of X-ray flux to radio flux, correlated to sunspot number", - "UV emissions at 304 angstroms, correlated to the solar flux index", - "The solar wind velocity at an angle of 304 degrees from the solar equator, correlated to geomagnetic storms", - "The solar emission at 304 GHz, correlated to X-ray flare levels" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3C11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does VOACAP software model?", - "answers": [ - "AC voltage and impedance", - "VHF radio propagation", - "HF propagation", - "AC current and impedance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E3C12", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is indicated by a sudden rise in radio background noise across a large portion of the HF spectrum?", - "answers": [ - "A temperature inversion has occurred", - "A coronal mass ejection impact or a solar flare has occurred", - "Transequatorial propagation on 6 meters is likely", - "Long-path propagation on the higher HF bands is likely" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4A01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following limits the highest frequency signal that can be accurately displayed on a digital oscilloscope?", - "answers": [ - "Sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter", - "Analog-to-digital converter reference frequency", - "Q of the circuit", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4A02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following parameters does a spectrum analyzer display on the vertical and horizontal axes?", - "answers": [ - "Signal amplitude and time", - "Signal amplitude and frequency", - "SWR and frequency", - "SWR and time" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4A03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following test instruments is used to display spurious signals and/or intermodulation distortion products generated by an SSB transmitter?", - "answers": [ - "Differential resolver", - "Spectrum analyzer", - "Logic analyzer", - "Network analyzer" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4A04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is compensation of an oscilloscope probe performed?", - "answers": [ - "A square wave is displayed, and the probe is adjusted until the horizontal portions of the displayed wave are as nearly flat as possible", - "A high frequency sine wave is displayed, and the probe is adjusted for maximum amplitude", - "A frequency standard is displayed, and the probe is adjusted until the deflection time is accurate", - "A DC voltage standard is displayed, and the probe is adjusted until the displayed voltage is accurate" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4A05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of using a prescaler with a frequency counter?", - "answers": [ - "Amplify low-level signals for more accurate counting", - "Multiply a higher frequency signal so a low-frequency counter can display the operating frequency", - "Prevent oscillation in a low-frequency counter circuit", - "Reduce the signal frequency to within the counter's operating range" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4A06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the effect of aliasing on a digital oscilloscope when displaying a waveform?", - "answers": [ - "A false, jittery low-frequency version of the waveform is displayed", - "The waveform DC offset will be inaccurate", - "Calibration of the vertical scale is no longer valid", - "Excessive blanking occurs, which prevents display of the waveform" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4A07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is an advantage of using an antenna analyzer compared to an SWR bridge?", - "answers": [ - "Antenna analyzers automatically tune your antenna for resonance", - "Antenna analyzers compute SWR and impedance automatically", - "Antenna analyzers display a time-varying representation of the modulation envelope", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4A08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is used to measure SWR?", - "answers": [ - "Directional wattmeter", - "Vector network analyzer", - "Antenna analyzer", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4A09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is good practice when using an oscilloscope probe?", - "answers": [ - "Minimize the length of the probe's ground connection", - "Never use a high-impedance probe to measure a low-impedance circuit", - "Never use a DC-coupled probe to measure an AC circuit", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4A10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which trigger mode is most effective when using an oscilloscope to measure a linear power supply’s output ripple?", - "answers": [ - "Single-shot", - "Edge", - "Level", - "Line" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4A11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can be measured with an antenna analyzer?", - "answers": [ - "Velocity factor", - "Cable length", - "Resonant frequency of a tuned circuit", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4B01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following factors most affects the accuracy of a frequency counter?", - "answers": [ - "Input attenuator accuracy", - "Time base accuracy", - "Decade divider accuracy", - "Temperature coefficient of the logic" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4B02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the significance of voltmeter sensitivity expressed in ohms per volt?", - "answers": [ - "The full scale reading of the voltmeter multiplied by its ohms per volt rating is the input impedance of the voltmeter", - "The reading in volts multiplied by the ohms per volt rating will determine the power drawn by the device under test", - "The reading in ohms divided by the ohms per volt rating will determine the voltage applied to the circuit", - "The full scale reading in amps divided by ohms per volt rating will determine the size of shunt needed" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4B03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which S parameter is equivalent to forward gain?", - "answers": [ - "S11", - "S12", - "S21", - "S22" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4B04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which S parameter represents input port return loss or reflection coefficient (equivalent to VSWR)?", - "answers": [ - "S11", - "S12", - "S21", - "S22" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4B05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What three test loads are used to calibrate an RF vector network analyzer?", - "answers": [ - "50 ohms, 75 ohms, and 90 ohms", - "Short circuit, open circuit, and 50 ohms", - "Short circuit, open circuit, and resonant circuit", - "50 ohms through 1/8 wavelength, 1/4 wavelength, and 1/2 wavelength of coaxial cable" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4B06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How much power is being absorbed by the load when a directional power meter connected between a transmitter and a terminating load reads 100 watts forward power and 25 watts reflected power?", - "answers": [ - "100 watts", - "125 watts", - "112.5 watts", - "75 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4B07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What do the subscripts of S parameters represent?", - "answers": [ - "The port or ports at which measurements are made", - "The relative time between measurements", - "Relative quality of the data", - "Frequency order of the measurements" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4B08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can be used to determine the Q of a series-tuned circuit?", - "answers": [ - "The ratio of inductive reactance to capacitive reactance", - "The frequency shift", - "The bandwidth of the circuit's frequency response", - "The resonant frequency of the circuit" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4B09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can be measured by a two-port vector network analyzer?", - "answers": [ - "Phase noise", - "Filter frequency response", - "Pulse rise time", - "Forward power" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4B10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following methods measures intermodulation distortion in an SSB transmitter?", - "answers": [ - "Modulate the transmitter using two RF signals having non-harmonically related frequencies and observe the RF output with a spectrum analyzer", - "Modulate the transmitter using two AF signals having non-harmonically related frequencies and observe the RF output with a spectrum analyzer", - "Modulate the transmitter using two AF signals having harmonically related frequencies and observe the RF output with a peak reading wattmeter", - "Modulate the transmitter using two RF signals having harmonically related frequencies and observe the RF output with a logic analyzer" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4B11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can be measured with a vector network analyzer?", - "answers": [ - "Input impedance", - "Output impedance", - "Reflection coefficient", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4C01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an effect of excessive phase noise in an SDR receiver’s master clock oscillator?", - "answers": [ - "It limits the receiver’s ability to receive strong signals", - "It can affect the receiver’s frequency calibration", - "It decreases the receiver’s third-order intercept point", - "It can combine with strong signals on nearby frequencies to generate interference" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4C02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following receiver circuits can be effective in eliminating interference from strong out-of-band signals?", - "answers": [ - "A front-end filter or preselector", - "A narrow IF filter", - "A notch filter", - "A properly adjusted product detector" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4C03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the term for the suppression in an FM receiver of one signal by another stronger signal on the same frequency?", - "answers": [ - "Desensitization", - "Cross-modulation interference", - "Capture effect", - "Frequency discrimination" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4C04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the noise figure of a receiver?", - "answers": [ - "The ratio of atmospheric noise to phase noise", - "The ratio of the noise bandwidth in hertz to the theoretical bandwidth of a resistive network", - "The ratio in dB of the noise generated in the receiver to atmospheric noise", - "The ratio in dB of the noise generated by the receiver to the theoretical minimum noise" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4C05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does a receiver noise floor of -174 dBm represent?", - "answers": [ - "The receiver noise is 6 dB above the theoretical minimum", - "The theoretical noise in a 1 Hz bandwidth at the input of a perfect receiver at room temperature", - "The noise figure of a 1 Hz bandwidth receiver", - "The receiver noise is 3 dB above theoretical minimum" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4C06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How much does increasing a receiver’s bandwidth from 50 Hz to 1,000 Hz increase the receiver’s noise floor?", - "answers": [ - "3 dB", - "5 dB", - "10 dB", - "13 dB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4C07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the MDS of a receiver represent?", - "answers": [ - "The meter display sensitivity", - "The minimum discernible signal", - "The modulation distortion specification", - "The maximum detectable spectrum" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4C08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "An SDR receiver is overloaded when input signals exceed what level?", - "answers": [ - "One-half of the maximum sample rate", - "One-half of the maximum sampling buffer size", - "The maximum count value of the analog-to-digital converter", - "The reference voltage of the analog-to-digital converter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4C09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following choices is a good reason for selecting a high IF for a superheterodyne HF or VHF communications receiver?", - "answers": [ - "Fewer components in the receiver", - "Reduced drift", - "Easier for front-end circuitry to eliminate image responses", - "Improved receiver noise figure" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4C10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an advantage of having a variety of receiver bandwidths from which to select?", - "answers": [ - "The noise figure of the RF amplifier can be adjusted to match the modulation type, thus increasing receiver sensitivity", - "Receiver power consumption can be reduced when wider bandwidth is not required", - "Receive bandwidth can be set to match the modulation bandwidth, maximizing signal-to-noise ratio and minimizing interference", - "Multiple frequencies can be received simultaneously if desired" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4C11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why does input attenuation reduce receiver overload on the lower frequency HF bands with little or no impact on signal-to-noise ratio?", - "answers": [ - "The attenuator has a low-pass filter to increase the strength of lower frequency signals", - "The attenuator has a noise filter to suppress interference", - "Signals are attenuated separately from the noise", - "Atmospheric noise is generally greater than internally generated noise even after attenuation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4C12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does a narrow-band roofing filter affect receiver performance?", - "answers": [ - "It improves sensitivity by reducing front-end noise", - "It improves intelligibility by using low Q circuitry to reduce ringing", - "It improves blocking dynamic range by attenuating strong signals near the receive frequency", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4C13", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is reciprocal mixing?", - "answers": [ - "Two out-of-band signals mixing to generate an in-band spurious signal", - "In-phase signals cancelling in a mixer resulting in loss of receiver sensitivity", - "Two digital signals combining from alternate time slots", - "Local oscillator phase noise mixing with adjacent strong signals to create interference to desired signals" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4C14", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of the receiver IF Shift control?", - "answers": [ - "To permit listening on a different frequency from the transmitting frequency", - "To change frequency rapidly", - "To reduce interference from stations transmitting on adjacent frequencies", - "To tune in stations slightly off frequency without changing the transmit frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4D01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is meant by the blocking dynamic range of a receiver?", - "answers": [ - "The difference in dB between the noise floor and the level of an incoming signal that will cause 1 dB of gain compression", - "The minimum difference in dB between the levels of two FM signals that will cause one signal to block the other", - "The difference in dB between the noise floor and the third-order intercept point", - "The minimum difference in dB between two signals which produce third-order intermodulation products greater than the noise floor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4D02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes problems caused by poor dynamic range in a receiver?", - "answers": [ - "Spurious signals caused by cross modulation and desensitization from strong adjacent signals", - "Oscillator instability requiring frequent retuning and loss of ability to recover the opposite sideband", - "Poor weak signal reception caused by insufficient local oscillator injection", - "Oscillator instability and severe audio distortion of all but the strongest received signals" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4D03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What creates intermodulation interference between two repeaters in close proximity?", - "answers": [ - "The output signals cause feedback in the final amplifier of one or both transmitters", - "The output signals mix in the final amplifier of one or both transmitters", - "The input frequencies are harmonically related", - "The output frequencies are harmonically related" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4D04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is used to reduce or eliminate intermodulation interference in a repeater caused by a nearby transmitter?", - "answers": [ - "A band-pass filter in the feed line between the transmitter and receiver", - "A properly terminated circulator at the output of the repeater’s transmitter", - "Utilizing a Class C final amplifier", - "Utilizing a Class D final amplifier" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4D05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What transmitter frequencies would create an intermodulation-product signal in a receiver tuned to 146.70 MHz when a nearby station transmits on 146.52 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "146.34 MHz and 146.61 MHz", - "146.88 MHz and 146.34 MHz", - "146.10 MHz and 147.30 MHz", - "146.30 MHz and 146.90 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4D06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the term for the reduction in receiver sensitivity caused by a strong signal near the received frequency?", - "answers": [ - "Reciprocal mixing", - "Quieting", - "Desensitization", - "Cross modulation interference" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4D07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following reduces the likelihood of receiver desensitization?", - "answers": [ - "Insert attenuation before the first RF stage", - "Raise the receiver’s IF frequency", - "Increase the receiver’s front-end gain", - "Switch from fast AGC to slow AGC" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4D08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What causes intermodulation in an electronic circuit?", - "answers": [ - "Negative feedback", - "Lack of neutralization", - "Nonlinear circuits or devices", - "Positive feedback" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4D09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of the preselector in a communications receiver?", - "answers": [ - "To store frequencies that are often used", - "To provide broadband attenuation before the first RF stage to prevent intermodulation", - "To increase the rejection of signals outside the band being received", - "To allow selection of the optimum RF amplifier device" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4D10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does a third-order intercept level of 40 dBm mean with respect to receiver performance?", - "answers": [ - "Signals less than 40 dBm will not generate audible third-order intermodulation products", - "The receiver can tolerate signals up to 40 dB above the noise floor without producing third-order intermodulation products", - "A pair of 40 dBm input signals will theoretically generate a third-order intermodulation product that has the same output amplitude as either of the input signals", - "A pair of 1 mW input signals will produce a third-order intermodulation product that is 40 dB stronger than the input signal" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4D11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why are odd-order intermodulation products, created within a receiver, of particular interest compared to other products?", - "answers": [ - "Odd-order products of two signals in the band being received are also likely to be within the band", - "Odd-order products are more likely to overload the IF filters", - "Odd-order products are an indication of poor image rejection", - "Odd-order intermodulation produces three products for every input signal within the band of interest" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4D12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the link margin in a system with a transmit power level of 10 W (+40 dBm), a system antenna gain of 10 dBi, a cable loss of 3 dB, a path loss of 136 dB, a receiver minimum discernable signal of -103 dBm, and a required signal-to-noise ratio of 6 dB?", - "answers": [ - "-8dB", - "-14dB", - "+8dB", - "+14dB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4D13", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the received signal level with a transmit power of 10 W (+40 dBm), a transmit antenna gain of 6 dBi, a receive antenna gain of 3 dBi, and a path loss of 100 dB?", - "answers": [ - "-51 dBm", - "-54 dBm", - "-57 dBm", - "-60 dBm" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4D14", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What power level does a receiver minimum discernible signal of -100 dBm represent?", - "answers": [ - "100 microwatts", - "0.1 microwatt", - "0.001 microwatts", - "0.1 picowatts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4E01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What problem can occur when using an automatic notch filter (ANF) to remove interfering carriers while receiving CW signals?", - "answers": [ - "Removal of the CW signal as well as the interfering carrier", - "Any nearby signal passing through the DSP system will overwhelm the desired signal", - "Excessive ringing", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4E02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following types of noise can often be reduced by a digital noise reduction?", - "answers": [ - "Broadband white noise", - "Ignition noise", - "Power line noise", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4E03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following types of noise are removed by a noise blanker?", - "answers": [ - "Broadband white noise", - "Impulse noise", - "Hum and buzz", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4E04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How can conducted noise from an automobile battery charging system be suppressed?", - "answers": [ - "By installing filter capacitors in series with the alternator leads", - "By installing a noise suppression resistor and a blocking capacitor at the battery", - "By installing a high-pass filter in series with the radio’s power lead and a low-pass filter in parallel with the antenna feed line", - "By installing ferrite chokes on the charging system leads" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4E05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is used to suppress radio frequency interference from a line-driven AC motor?", - "answers": [ - "A high-pass filter in series with the motor’s power leads", - "A brute-force AC-line filter in series with the motor’s power leads", - "A bypass capacitor in series with the motor’s field winding", - "A bypass choke in parallel with the motor’s field winding" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4E06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of electrical interference can be caused by computer network equipment?", - "answers": [ - "A loud AC hum in the audio output of your station’s receiver", - "A clicking noise at intervals of a few seconds", - "The appearance of unstable modulated or unmodulated signals at specific frequencies", - "A whining-type noise that continually pulses off and on" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4E07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can cause shielded cables to radiate or receive interference?", - "answers": [ - "Low inductance ground connections at both ends of the shield", - "Common-mode currents on the shield and conductors", - "Use of braided shielding material", - "Tying all ground connections to a common point resulting in differential-mode currents in the shield" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4E08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What current flows equally on all conductors of an unshielded multiconductor cable?", - "answers": [ - "Differential-mode current", - "Common-mode current", - "Reactive current only", - "Magnetically-coupled current only" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4E09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What undesirable effect can occur when using a noise blanker?", - "answers": [ - "Received audio in the speech range might have an echo effect", - "The audio frequency bandwidth of the received signal might be compressed", - "Strong signals may be distorted and appear to cause spurious emissions", - "FM signals can no longer be demodulated" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4E10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can create intermittent loud roaring or buzzing AC line interference?", - "answers": [ - "Arcing contacts in a thermostatically controlled device", - "A defective doorbell or doorbell transformer inside a nearby residence", - "A malfunctioning illuminated advertising display", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4E11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What could be the cause of local AM broadcast band signals combining to generate spurious signals on the MF or HF bands?", - "answers": [ - "One or more of the broadcast stations is transmitting an over-modulated signal", - "Nearby corroded metal connections are mixing and reradiating the broadcast signals", - "You are receiving skywave signals from a distant station", - "Your station receiver IF amplifier stage is overloaded" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4E12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What causes interference received as a series of carriers at regular intervals across a wide frequency range?", - "answers": [ - "Switch-mode power supplies", - "Radar transmitters", - "Wireless security camera transmitters", - "Electric fences" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4E13", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Where should a station AC surge protector be installed?", - "answers": [ - "At the AC service panel", - "At an AC outlet", - "On the single point ground panel", - "On a ground rod outside the station" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E4E14", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of a single point ground panel?", - "answers": [ - "Remove AC power in case of a short-circuit", - "Prevent common-mode transients in multi-wire systems", - "Eliminate air gaps between protected and non-protected circuits", - "Ensure all lightning protectors activate at the same time" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5A01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What can cause the voltage across reactances in a series RLC circuit to be higher than the voltage applied to the entire circuit?", - "answers": [ - "Resonance", - "Capacitance", - "Low quality factor (Q)", - "Resistance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5A02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the resonant frequency of an RLC circuit if R is 22 ohms, L is 50 microhenries, and C is 40 picofarads?", - "answers": [ - "44.72 MHz", - "22.36 MHz", - "3.56 MHz", - "1.78 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5A03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the magnitude of the impedance of a series RLC circuit at resonance?", - "answers": [ - "High, compared to the circuit resistance", - "Approximately equal to capacitive reactance", - "Approximately equal to inductive reactance", - "Approximately equal to circuit resistance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5A04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the magnitude of the impedance of a parallel RLC circuit at resonance?", - "answers": [ - "Approximately equal to circuit resistance", - "Approximately equal to inductive reactance", - "Low compared to the circuit resistance", - "High compared to the circuit resistance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5A05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the result of increasing the Q of an impedance-matching circuit?", - "answers": [ - "Matching bandwidth is decreased", - "Matching bandwidth is increased", - "Losses increase", - "Harmonics increase" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5A06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the magnitude of the circulating current within the components of a parallel LC circuit at resonance?", - "answers": [ - "It is at a minimum", - "It is at a maximum", - "It equals 1 divided by the quantity 2 times pi, times the square root of (inductance L multiplied by capacitance C)", - "It equals 2 times pi, times the square root of (inductance L multiplied by capacitance C)" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5A07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the magnitude of the current at the input of a parallel RLC circuit at resonance?", - "answers": [ - "Minimum", - "Maximum", - "R/L", - "L/R" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5A08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the phase relationship between the current through and the voltage across a series resonant circuit at resonance?", - "answers": [ - "The voltage leads the current by 90 degrees", - "The current leads the voltage by 90 degrees", - "The voltage and current are in phase", - "The voltage and current are 180 degrees out of phase" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5A09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is the Q of an RLC parallel resonant circuit calculated?", - "answers": [ - "Reactance of either the inductance or capacitance divided by the resistance", - "Reactance of either the inductance or capacitance multiplied by the resistance", - "Resistance divided by the reactance of either the inductance or capacitance", - "Reactance of the inductance multiplied by the reactance of the capacitance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5A10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the resonant frequency of an RLC circuit if R is 33 ohms, L is 50 microhenries, and C is 10 picofarads?", - "answers": [ - "7.12 MHz", - "23.5 kHz", - "7.12 kHz", - "23.5 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5A11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the half-power bandwidth of a resonant circuit that has a resonant frequency of 7.1 MHz and a Q of 150?", - "answers": [ - "157.8 Hz", - "315.6 Hz", - "47.3 kHz", - "23.67 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5A12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the half-power bandwidth of a resonant circuit that has a resonant frequency of 3.7 MHz and a Q of 118?", - "answers": [ - "436.6 kHz", - "218.3 kHz", - "31.4 kHz", - "15.7 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5A13", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an effect of increasing Q in a series resonant circuit?", - "answers": [ - "Fewer components are needed for the same performance", - "Parasitic effects are minimized", - "Internal voltages increase", - "Phase shift can become uncontrolled" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5B01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the term for the time required for the capacitor in an RC circuit to be charged to 63.2% of the applied voltage or to discharge to 36.8% of its initial voltage?", - "answers": [ - "An exponential rate of one", - "One time constant", - "One exponential period", - "A time factor of one" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5B02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What letter is commonly used to represent susceptance?", - "answers": [ - "G", - "X", - "Y", - "B" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5B03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is impedance in polar form converted to an equivalent admittance?", - "answers": [ - "Take the reciprocal of the angle and change the sign of the magnitude", - "Take the reciprocal of the magnitude and change the sign of the angle", - "Take the square root of the magnitude and add 180 degrees to the angle", - "Square the magnitude and subtract 90 degrees from the angle" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5B04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the time constant of a circuit having two 220-microfarad capacitors and two 1-megohm resistors, all in parallel?", - "answers": [ - "55 seconds", - "110 seconds", - "440 seconds", - "220 seconds" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5B05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the effect on the magnitude of pure reactance when it is converted to susceptance?", - "answers": [ - "It is unchanged", - "The sign is reversed", - "It is shifted by 90 degrees", - "It is replaced by its reciprocal" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5B06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is susceptance?", - "answers": [ - "The magnetic impedance of a circuit", - "The ratio of magnetic field to electric field", - "The imaginary part of admittance", - "A measure of the efficiency of a transformer" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5B07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the phase angle between the voltage across and the current through a series RLC circuit if XC is 500 ohms, R is 1 kilohm, and XL is 250 ohms?", - "answers": [ - "68.2 degrees with the voltage leading the current", - "14.0 degrees with the voltage leading the current", - "14.0 degrees with the voltage lagging the current", - "68.2 degrees with the voltage lagging the current" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5B08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the phase angle between the voltage across and the current through a series RLC circuit if XC is 300 ohms, R is 100 ohms, and XL is 100 ohms?", - "answers": [ - "63 degrees with the voltage lagging the current", - "63 degrees with the voltage leading the current", - "27 degrees with the voltage leading the current", - "27 degrees with the voltage lagging the current" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5B09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the relationship between the AC current through a capacitor and the voltage across a capacitor?", - "answers": [ - "Voltage and current are in phase", - "Voltage and current are 180 degrees out of phase", - "Voltage leads current by 90 degrees", - "Current leads voltage by 90 degrees" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5B10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the relationship between the AC current through an inductor and the voltage across an inductor?", - "answers": [ - "Voltage leads current by 90 degrees", - "Current leads voltage by 90 degrees", - "Voltage and current are 180 degrees out of phase", - "Voltage and current are in phase" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5B11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the phase angle between the voltage across and the current through a series RLC circuit if XC is 25 ohms, R is 100 ohms, and XL is 75 ohms?", - "answers": [ - "27 degrees with the voltage lagging the current", - "27 degrees with the voltage leading the current", - "63 degrees with the voltage lagging the current", - "63 degrees with the voltage leading the current" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5B12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is admittance?", - "answers": [ - "The inverse of impedance", - "The term for the gain of a field effect transistor", - "The inverse of reactance", - "The term for the on-impedance of a field effect transistor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5C01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following represents pure capacitive reactance of 100 ohms in rectangular notation?", - "answers": [ - "0 - j100", - "0 + j100", - "100 - j0", - "100 + j0" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5C02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How are impedances described in polar coordinates?", - "answers": [ - "By X and R values", - "By real and imaginary parts", - "By magnitude and phase angle", - "By Y and G values" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5C03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following represents a pure inductive reactance in polar coordinates?", - "answers": [ - "A positive 45 degree phase angle", - "A negative 45 degree phase angle", - "A positive 90 degree phase angle", - "A negative 90 degree phase angle" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5C04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of Y-axis scale is most often used for graphs of circuit frequency response?", - "answers": [ - "Linear", - "Scatter", - "Random", - "Logarithmic" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5C05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What kind of diagram is used to show the phase relationship between impedances at a given frequency?", - "answers": [ - "Venn diagram", - "Near field diagram", - "Phasor diagram", - "Far field diagram" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5C06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the impedance 50 - j25 ohms represent?", - "answers": [ - "50 ohms resistance in series with 25 ohms inductive reactance", - "50 ohms resistance in series with 25 ohms capacitive reactance", - "25 ohms resistance in series with 50 ohms inductive reactance", - "25 ohms resistance in series with 50 ohms capacitive reactance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5C07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Where is the impedance of a pure resistance plotted on rectangular coordinates?", - "answers": [ - "On the vertical axis", - "On a line through the origin, slanted at 45 degrees", - "On a horizontal line, offset vertically above the horizontal axis", - "On the horizontal axis" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5C08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What coordinate system is often used to display the phase angle of a circuit containing resistance, inductive, and/or capacitive reactance?", - "answers": [ - "Maidenhead grid", - "Faraday grid", - "Elliptical coordinates", - "Polar coordinates" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5C09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "When using rectangular coordinates to graph the impedance of a circuit, what do the axes represent?", - "answers": [ - "The X axis represents the resistive component, and the Y axis represents the reactive component", - "The X axis represents the reactive component, and the Y axis represents the resistive component", - "The X axis represents the phase angle, and the Y axis represents the magnitude", - "The X axis represents the magnitude, and the Y axis represents the phase angle" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5C10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which point on Figure E5-1 best represents the impedance of a series circuit consisting of a 400-ohm resistor and a 38-picofarad capacitor at 14 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "Point 2", - "Point 4", - "Point 5", - "Point 6" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5C11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which point in Figure E5-1 best represents the impedance of a series circuit consisting of a 300-ohm resistor and an 18-microhenry inductor at 3.505 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "Point 1", - "Point 3", - "Point 7", - "Point 8" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5C12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which point on Figure E5-1 best represents the impedance of a series circuit consisting of a 300-ohm resistor and a 19-picofarad capacitor at 21.200 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "Point 1", - "Point 3", - "Point 7", - "Point 8" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5D01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the result of conductor skin effect?", - "answers": [ - "Resistance increases as frequency increases because RF current flows closer to the surface", - "Resistance decreases as frequency increases because electron mobility increases", - "Resistance increases as temperature increases because of the change in thermal coefficient", - "Resistance decreases as temperature increases because of the change in thermal coefficient" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5D02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why is it important to keep lead lengths short for components used in circuits for VHF and above?", - "answers": [ - "To increase the thermal time constant", - "To minimize inductive reactance", - "To maintain component lifetime", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5D03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the phase relationship between current and voltage for reactive power?", - "answers": [ - "They are out of phase", - "They are in phase", - "They are 90 degrees out of phase", - "They are 45 degrees out of phase" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5D04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why are short connections used at microwave frequencies?", - "answers": [ - "To increase neutralizing resistance", - "To reduce phase shift along the connection", - "To increase compensating capacitance", - "To reduce noise figure" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5D05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What parasitic characteristic causes electrolytic capacitors to be unsuitable for use at RF?", - "answers": [ - "Skin effect", - "Shunt capacitance", - "Inductance", - "Dielectric leakage" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5D06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What parasitic characteristic creates an inductor’s self-resonance?", - "answers": [ - "Skin effect", - "Dielectric loss", - "Coupling", - "Inter-turn capacitance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5D07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What combines to create the self-resonance of a component?", - "answers": [ - "The component’s resistance and reactance", - "The component’s nominal and parasitic reactance", - "The component’s inductance and capacitance", - "The component’s electrical length and impedance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5D08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the primary cause of loss in film capacitors at RF?", - "answers": [ - "Inductance", - "Dielectric loss", - "Self-discharge", - "Skin effect" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5D09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What happens to reactive power in ideal inductors and capacitors?", - "answers": [ - "It is dissipated as heat in the circuit", - "Energy is stored in magnetic or electric fields, but power is not dissipated", - "It is canceled by Coulomb forces in the capacitor and inductor", - "It is dissipated in the formation of inductive and capacitive fields" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5D10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "As a conductor’s diameter increases, what is the effect on its electrical length?", - "answers": [ - "Thickness has no effect on electrical length", - "It varies randomly", - "It decreases", - "It increases" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5D11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How much real power is consumed in a circuit consisting of a 100-ohm resistor in series with a 100-ohm inductive reactance drawing 1 ampere?", - "answers": [ - "70.7 watts", - "100 watts", - "141.4 watts", - "200 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E5D12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is reactive power?", - "answers": [ - "Power consumed in circuit Q", - "Power consumed by an inductor’s wire resistance", - "The power consumed in inductors and capacitors", - "Wattless, nonproductive power" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6A01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "In what application is gallium arsenide used as a semiconductor material?", - "answers": [ - "In high-current rectifier circuits", - "In high-power audio circuits", - "In microwave circuits", - "In very low-frequency RF circuits" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6A02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following semiconductor materials contains excess free electrons?", - "answers": [ - "N-type", - "P-type", - "Bipolar", - "Insulated gate" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6A03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why does a PN-junction diode not conduct current when reverse biased?", - "answers": [ - "Only P-type semiconductor material can conduct current", - "Only N-type semiconductor material can conduct current", - "Holes in P-type material and electrons in the N-type material are separated by the applied voltage, widening the depletion region", - "Excess holes in P-type material combine with the electrons in N-type material, converting the entire diode into an insulator" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6A04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the name given to an impurity atom that adds holes to a semiconductor crystal structure?", - "answers": [ - "Insulator impurity", - "N-type impurity", - "Acceptor impurity", - "Donor impurity" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6A05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does DC input impedance at the gate of a field-effect transistor (FET) compare with that of a bipolar transistor?", - "answers": [ - "They are both low impedance", - "An FET has lower input impedance", - "An FET has higher input impedance", - "They are both high impedance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6A06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the beta of a bipolar junction transistor?", - "answers": [ - "The frequency at which the current gain is reduced to 0.707", - "The change in collector current with respect to the change in base current", - "The breakdown voltage of the base-to-collector junction", - "The switching speed" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6A07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following indicates that a silicon NPN junction transistor is biased on?", - "answers": [ - "Base-to-emitter resistance of approximately 6 ohms to 7 ohms", - "Base-to-emitter resistance of approximately 0.6 ohms to 0.7 ohms", - "Base-to-emitter voltage of approximately 6 volts to 7 volts", - "Base-to-emitter voltage of approximately 0.6 volts to 0.7 volts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6A08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the term for the frequency at which the grounded-base current gain of a bipolar junction transistor has decreased to 0.7 of the gain obtainable at 1 kHz?", - "answers": [ - "Corner frequency", - "Alpha rejection frequency", - "Beta cutoff frequency", - "Alpha cutoff frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6A09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a depletion-mode field-effect transistor (FET)?", - "answers": [ - "An FET that exhibits a current flow between source and drain when no gate voltage is applied", - "An FET that has no current flow between source and drain when no gate voltage is applied", - "An FET that exhibits very high electron mobility due to a lack of holes in the N-type material", - "An FET for which holes are the majority carriers" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6A10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "In Figure E6-1, which is the schematic symbol for an N-channel dual-gate MOSFET?", - "answers": [ - "2", - "4", - "5", - "6" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6A11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "In Figure E6-1, which is the schematic symbol for a P-channel junction FET?", - "answers": [ - "1", - "2", - "3", - "6" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6A12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of connecting Zener diodes between a MOSFET gate and its source or drain?", - "answers": [ - "To provide a voltage reference for the correct amount of reverse-bias gate voltage", - "To protect the substrate from excessive voltages", - "To keep the gate voltage within specifications and prevent the device from overheating", - "To protect the gate from static damage" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6B01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the most useful characteristic of a Zener diode?", - "answers": [ - "A constant current drop under conditions of varying voltage", - "A constant voltage drop under conditions of varying current", - "A negative resistance region", - "An internal capacitance that varies with the applied voltage" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6B02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which characteristic of a Schottky diode makes it a better choice than a silicon junction diode for use as a power supply rectifier?", - "answers": [ - "Much higher reverse voltage breakdown", - "More constant reverse avalanche voltage", - "Longer carrier retention time", - "Lower forward voltage drop" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6B03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What property of an LED's semiconductor material determines its forward voltage drop?", - "answers": [ - "Intrinsic resistance", - "Band gap", - "Junction capacitance", - "Junction depth" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6B04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of semiconductor device is designed for use as a voltage-controlled capacitor?", - "answers": [ - "Varactor diode", - "Tunnel diode", - "Silicon-controlled rectifier", - "Zener diode" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6B05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What characteristic of a PIN diode makes it useful as an RF switch?", - "answers": [ - "Extremely high reverse breakdown voltage", - "Ability to dissipate large amounts of power", - "Reverse bias controls its forward voltage drop", - "Low junction capacitance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6B06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a common use of a Schottky diode?", - "answers": [ - "In oscillator circuits as the negative resistance element", - "As a variable capacitance in an automatic frequency control circuit", - "In power supplies as a constant voltage reference", - "As a VHF/UHF mixer or detector" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6B07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What causes a junction diode to fail from excessive current?", - "answers": [ - "Excessive inverse voltage", - "Excessive junction temperature", - "Insufficient forward voltage", - "Charge carrier depletion" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6B08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a Schottky barrier diode?", - "answers": [ - "Metal-semiconductor junction", - "Electrolytic rectifier", - "PIN junction", - "Thermionic emission diode" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6B09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a common use for point-contact diodes?", - "answers": [ - "As a constant current source", - "As a constant voltage source", - "As an RF detector", - "As a high-voltage rectifier" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6B10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "In Figure E6-2, which is the schematic symbol for a Schottky diode?", - "answers": [ - "1", - "6", - "2", - "3" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6B11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is used to control the attenuation of RF signals by a PIN diode?", - "answers": [ - "Forward DC bias current", - "A variable RF reference voltage", - "Reverse voltage larger than the RF signal", - "Capacitance of an RF coupling capacitor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6C01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the function of hysteresis in a comparator?", - "answers": [ - "To prevent input noise from causing unstable output signals", - "To allow the comparator to be used with AC input signals", - "To cause the output to continually change states", - "To increase the sensitivity" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6C02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What happens when the level of a comparator’s input signal crosses the threshold voltage?", - "answers": [ - "The IC input can be damaged", - "The comparator changes its output state", - "The reference level appears at the output", - "The feedback loop becomes unstable" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6C03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is tri-state logic?", - "answers": [ - "Logic devices with 0, 1, and high-impedance output states", - "Logic devices that utilize ternary math", - "Logic with three output impedances which can be selected to better match the load impedance", - "A counter with eight states" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6C04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is an advantage of BiCMOS logic?", - "answers": [ - "Its simplicity results in much less expensive devices than standard CMOS", - "It is immune to electrostatic damage", - "It has the high input impedance of CMOS and the low output impedance of bipolar transistors", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6C05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following digital logic families has the lowest power consumption?", - "answers": [ - "Schottky TTL", - "ECL", - "NMOS", - "CMOS" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6C06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why do CMOS digital integrated circuits have high immunity to noise on the input signal or power supply?", - "answers": [ - "Large bypass capacitance is inherent", - "The input switching threshold is about twice the power supply voltage", - "The input switching threshold is about half the power supply voltage", - "Bandwidth is very limited" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6C07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What best describes a pull-up or pull-down resistor?", - "answers": [ - "A resistor in a keying circuit used to reduce key clicks", - "A resistor connected to the positive or negative supply used to establish a voltage when an input or output is an open circuit", - "A resistor that ensures that an oscillator frequency does not drift", - "A resistor connected to an op-amp output that prevents signals from exceeding the power supply voltage" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6C08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "In Figure E6-3, which is the schematic symbol for a NAND gate?", - "answers": [ - "1", - "2", - "3", - "4" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6C09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is used to design the configuration of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)?", - "answers": [ - "Karnaugh maps", - "Hardware description language (HDL)", - "An auto-router", - "Machine and assembly language" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6C10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "In Figure E6-3, which is the schematic symbol for a NOR gate?", - "answers": [ - "1", - "2", - "3", - "4" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6C11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "In Figure E6-3, which is the schematic symbol for the NOT operation (inversion)?", - "answers": [ - "2", - "4", - "5", - "6" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6D01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is piezoelectricity?", - "answers": [ - "The ability of materials to generate electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency when voltage is applied", - "A characteristic of materials that have an index of refraction which depends on the polarization of the electromagnetic wave passing through it", - "A characteristic of materials that generate a voltage when stressed and that flex when a voltage is applied", - "The ability of materials to generate voltage when an electromagnetic wave of a certain frequency is applied" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6D02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the equivalent circuit of a quartz crystal?", - "answers": [ - "Series RLC in parallel with a shunt C representing electrode and stray capacitance", - "Parallel RLC, where C is the parallel combination of resonance capacitance of the crystal and electrode and stray capacitance", - "Series RLC, where C is the parallel combination of resonance capacitance of the crystal and electrode and stray capacitance", - "Parallel RLC, where C is the series combination of resonance capacitance of the crystal and electrode and stray capacitance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6D03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is an aspect of the piezoelectric effect?", - "answers": [ - "Mechanical deformation of material due to the application of a voltage", - "Mechanical deformation of material due to the application of a magnetic field", - "Generation of electrical energy in the presence of light", - "Increased conductivity in the presence of light" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6D04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why are cores of inductors and transformers sometimes constructed of thin layers?", - "answers": [ - "To simplify assembly during manufacturing", - "To reduce power loss from eddy currents in the core", - "To increase the cutoff frequency by reducing capacitance", - "To save cost by reducing the amount of magnetic material" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6D05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How do ferrite and powdered iron compare for use in an inductor core?", - "answers": [ - "Ferrite cores generally have lower initial permeability", - "Ferrite cores generally have better temperature stability", - "Ferrite cores generally require fewer turns to produce a given inductance value", - "Ferrite cores are easier to use with surface-mount technology" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6D06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What core material property determines the inductance of an inductor?", - "answers": [ - "Permittivity", - "Resistance", - "Reactivity", - "Permeability" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6D07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the current that flows in the primary winding of a transformer when there is no load on the secondary winding?", - "answers": [ - "Stabilizing current", - "Direct current", - "Excitation current", - "Magnetizing current" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6D08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following materials has the highest temperature stability of its magnetic characteristics?", - "answers": [ - "Brass", - "Powdered iron", - "Ferrite", - "Aluminum" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6D09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What devices are commonly used as VHF and UHF parasitic suppressors at the input and output terminals of a transistor HF amplifier?", - "answers": [ - "Electrolytic capacitors", - "Butterworth filters", - "Ferrite beads", - "Steel-core toroids" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6D10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a primary advantage of using a toroidal core instead of a solenoidal core in an inductor?", - "answers": [ - "Toroidal cores confine most of the magnetic field within the core material", - "Toroidal cores make it easier to couple the magnetic energy into other components", - "Toroidal cores exhibit greater hysteresis", - "Toroidal cores have lower Q characteristics" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6D11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which type of core material decreases inductance when inserted into a coil?", - "answers": [ - "Ceramic", - "Brass", - "Ferrite", - "Aluminum" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6D12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What causes inductor saturation?", - "answers": [ - "Operation at too high a frequency", - "Selecting a core with low permeability", - "Operation at excessive magnetic flux", - "Selecting a core with excessive permittivity" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6E01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why is gallium arsenide (GaAs) useful for semiconductor devices operating at UHF and higher frequencies?", - "answers": [ - "Higher noise figures", - "Higher electron mobility", - "Lower junction voltage drop", - "Lower transconductance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6E02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following device packages is a through-hole type?", - "answers": [ - "DIP", - "PLCC", - "BGA", - "SOT" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6E03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following materials supports the highest frequency of operation when used in MMICs?", - "answers": [ - "Silicon", - "Silicon nitride", - "Silicon dioxide", - "Gallium nitride" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6E04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which is the most common input and output impedance of MMICs?", - "answers": [ - "50 ohms", - "300 ohms", - "450 ohms", - "75 ohms" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6E05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following noise figure values is typical of a low-noise UHF preamplifier?", - "answers": [ - "0.5 dB", - "-10 dB", - "44 dBm", - "-20 dBm" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6E06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What characteristics of MMICs make them a popular choice for VHF through microwave circuits?", - "answers": [ - "The ability to retrieve information from a single signal, even in the presence of other strong signals", - "Extremely high Q factor and high stability over a wide temperature range", - "Nearly infinite gain, very high input impedance, and very low output impedance", - "Controlled gain, low noise figure, and constant input and output impedance over the specified frequency range" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6E07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of transmission line is often used for connections to MMICs?", - "answers": [ - "Miniature coax", - "Circular waveguide", - "Parallel wire", - "Microstrip" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6E08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is power supplied to the most common type of MMIC?", - "answers": [ - "Through a capacitor and RF choke connected to the amplifier input lead", - "MMICs require no operating bias", - "Through a resistor and/or RF choke connected to the amplifier output lead", - "Directly to the bias voltage (Vcc) lead" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6E09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following component package types have the least parasitic effects at frequencies above the HF range?", - "answers": [ - "TO-220", - "Axial lead", - "Radial lead", - "Surface mount" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6E10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What advantage does surface-mount technology offer at RF compared to using through-hole components?", - "answers": [ - "Smaller circuit area", - "Shorter circuit board traces", - "Components have less parasitic inductance and capacitance", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6E11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a characteristic of DIP packaging used for integrated circuits?", - "answers": [ - "Extremely low stray capacitance (dielectrically isolated package)", - "Extremely high resistance between pins (doubly insulated package)", - "Two chips in each package (dual in package)", - "Two rows of connecting pins on opposite sides of package (dual in-line package)" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6E12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why are DIP through-hole package ICs not typically used at UHF and higher frequencies?", - "answers": [ - "Excessive dielectric loss", - "Epoxy coating is conductive above 300 MHz", - "Excessive lead length", - "Unsuitable for combining analog and digital signals" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6F01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What absorbs the energy from light falling on a photovoltaic cell?", - "answers": [ - "Protons", - "Photons", - "Electrons", - "Holes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6F02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What happens to photoconductive material when light shines on it?", - "answers": [ - "Resistance decreases", - "Resistance increases", - "Reflectivity increases", - "Reflectivity decreases" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6F03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the most common configuration of an optoisolator or optocoupler?", - "answers": [ - "A lens and a photomultiplier", - "A frequency-modulated helium-neon laser", - "An amplitude-modulated helium-neon laser", - "An LED and a phototransistor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6F04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the photovoltaic effect?", - "answers": [ - "The conversion of voltage to current when exposed to light", - "The conversion of light to electrical energy", - "The effect that causes a photodiode to emit light when a voltage is applied", - "The effect that causes a phototransistor’s beta to decrease when exposed to light" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6F05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes an optical shaft encoder?", - "answers": [ - "A device that detects rotation by interrupting a light source with a patterned wheel", - "A device that measures the strength of a beam of light using analog-to-digital conversion", - "An optical computing device in which light is coupled between devices by fiber optics", - "A device for generating RTTY signals by means of a rotating light source" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6F06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of these materials is most commonly used to create photoconductive devices?", - "answers": [ - "Polyphenol acetate", - "Argon", - "Crystalline semiconductor", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6F07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a solid-state relay?", - "answers": [ - "A relay that uses transistors to drive the relay coil", - "A device that uses semiconductors to implement the functions of an electromechanical relay", - "A mechanical relay that latches in the on or off state each time it is pulsed", - "A semiconductor switch that uses a monostable multivibrator circuit" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6F08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why are optoisolators often used in conjunction with solid-state circuits that control 120 VAC circuits?", - "answers": [ - "Optoisolators provide a low-impedance link between a control circuit and a power circuit", - "Optoisolators provide impedance matching between the control circuit and power circuit", - "Optoisolators provide an electrical isolation between a control circuit and the circuit being switched", - "Optoisolators eliminate the effects of reflected light in the control circuit" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6F09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the efficiency of a photovoltaic cell?", - "answers": [ - "The output RF power divided by the input DC power", - "The output in lumens divided by the input power in watts", - "The open-circuit voltage divided by the short-circuit current under full illumination", - "The relative fraction of light that is converted to current" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6F10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the most common material used in power-generating photovoltaic cells?", - "answers": [ - "Selenium", - "Silicon", - "Cadmium sulfide", - "Indium arsenide" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E6F11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate open-circuit voltage produced by a fully illuminated silicon photovoltaic cell?", - "answers": [ - "0.5 volts", - "0.7 volts", - "1.1 volts", - "1.5 volts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7A01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which circuit is bistable?", - "answers": [ - "An AND gate", - "An OR gate", - "A flip-flop", - "A bipolar amplifier" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7A02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the function of a decade counter?", - "answers": [ - "It produces one output pulse for every 10 input pulses", - "It decodes a decimal number for display on a seven-segment LED display", - "It produces 10 output pulses for every input pulse", - "It decodes a binary number for display on a seven-segment LED display" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7A03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can divide the frequency of a pulse train by 2?", - "answers": [ - "An XOR gate", - "A flip-flop", - "An OR gate", - "A multiplexer" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7A04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How many flip-flops are required to divide a signal frequency by 16?", - "answers": [ - "4", - "6", - "8", - "16" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7A05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following circuits continuously alternates between two states without an external clock signal?", - "answers": [ - "Monostable multivibrator", - "J-K flip-flop", - "T flip-flop", - "Astable multivibrator" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7A06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a characteristic of a monostable multivibrator?", - "answers": [ - "It switches temporarily to an alternate state for a set time", - "It produces a continuous square wave", - "It stores one bit of data", - "It maintains a constant output voltage, regardless of variations in the input voltage" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7A07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What logical operation does a NAND gate perform?", - "answers": [ - "It produces a 0 at its output only if all inputs are 0", - "It produces a 1 at its output only if all inputs are 1", - "It produces a 0 at its output if some but not all inputs are 1", - "It produces a 0 at its output only if all inputs are 1" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7A08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What logical operation does an OR gate perform?", - "answers": [ - "It produces a 1 at its output if any input is 1", - "It produces a 0 at its output if all inputs are 1", - "It produces a 0 at its output if some but not all inputs are 1", - "It produces a 1 at its output if all inputs are 0" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7A09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What logical operation is performed by a two-input exclusive NOR gate?", - "answers": [ - "It produces a 0 at its output only if all inputs are 0", - "It produces a 1 at its output only if all inputs are 1", - "It produces a 0 at its output if one and only one of its inputs is 1", - "It produces a 1 at its output if one and only one input is 1" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7A10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a truth table?", - "answers": [ - "A list of inputs and corresponding outputs for an op-amp", - "A list of inputs and corresponding outputs for a digital device", - "A diagram showing logic states when the digital gate output is true", - "A table of logic symbols that indicate the logic states of an op-amp" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7A11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does “positive logic” mean in reference to logic devices?", - "answers": [ - "The logic devices have high noise immunity", - "High voltage represents a 1, low voltage a 0", - "The logic circuit is in the “true” condition", - "1s and 0s are defined as different positive voltage levels" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7B01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "For what portion of the signal cycle does each active element in a push-pull, Class AB amplifier conduct?", - "answers": [ - "More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees", - "Exactly 180 degrees", - "The entire cycle", - "Less than 180 degrees" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7B02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a Class D amplifier?", - "answers": [ - "An amplifier that uses switching technology to achieve high efficiency", - "A low power amplifier that uses a differential amplifier for improved linearity", - "An amplifier that uses drift-mode FETs for high efficiency", - "An amplifier biased to be relatively free from distortion" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7B03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What circuit is required at the output of an RF switching amplifier?", - "answers": [ - "A filter to remove harmonic content", - "A high-pass filter to compensate for low gain at low frequencies", - "A matched load resistor to prevent damage by switching transients", - "A temperature compensating load resistor to improve linearity" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7B04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the operating point of a Class A common emitter amplifier?", - "answers": [ - "Approximately halfway between saturation and cutoff", - "Approximately halfway between the emitter voltage and the base voltage", - "At a point where the bias resistor equals the load resistor", - "At a point where the load line intersects the zero bias current curve" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7B05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What can be done to prevent unwanted oscillations in an RF power amplifier?", - "answers": [ - "Tune the stage for minimum loading", - "Tune both the input and output for maximum power", - "Install parasitic suppressors and/or neutralize the stage", - "Use a phase inverter in the output filter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7B06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a characteristic of a grounded-grid amplifier?", - "answers": [ - "High power gain", - "Low input impedance", - "High electrostatic damage protection", - "Low bandwidth" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7B07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is the likely result of using a Class C amplifier to amplify a single-sideband phone signal?", - "answers": [ - "Reduced intermodulation products", - "Increased overall intelligibility", - "Reduced third-order intermodulation", - "Signal distortion and excessive bandwidth" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7B08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why are switching amplifiers more efficient than linear amplifiers?", - "answers": [ - "Switching amplifiers operate at higher voltages", - "The switching device is at saturation or cutoff most of the time", - "Linear amplifiers have high gain resulting in higher harmonic content", - "Switching amplifiers use push-pull circuits" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7B09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is characteristic of an emitter follower (or common collector) amplifier?", - "answers": [ - "Low input impedance and phase inversion from input to output", - "Differential inputs and single output", - "Acts as an OR circuit if one input is grounded", - "Input and output signals in-phase" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7B10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "In Figure E7-1, what is the purpose of R1 and R2?", - "answers": [ - "Load resistors", - "Voltage divider bias", - "Self bias", - "Feedback" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7B11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "In Figure E7-1, what is the purpose of R3?", - "answers": [ - "Fixed bias", - "Emitter bypass", - "Output load resistor", - "Self bias" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7B12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of amplifier circuit is shown in Figure E7-1?", - "answers": [ - "Common base", - "Common collector", - "Common emitter", - "Emitter follower" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7C01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How are the capacitors and inductors of a low-pass filter Pi-network arranged between the network’s input and output?", - "answers": [ - "Two inductors are in series between the input and output, and a capacitor is connected between the two inductors and ground", - "Two capacitors are in series between the input and output, and an inductor is connected between the two capacitors and ground", - "An inductor is connected between the input and ground, another inductor is connected between the output and ground, and a capacitor is connected between the input and output", - "A capacitor is connected between the input and ground, another capacitor is connected between the output and ground, and an inductor is connected between the input and output" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7C02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the frequency response of a T-network with series capacitors and a shunt inductor?", - "answers": [ - "Low-pass", - "High-pass", - "Band-pass", - "Notch" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7C03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of adding an inductor to a Pi-network to create a Pi-L-network?", - "answers": [ - "Greater harmonic suppression", - "Higher efficiency", - "To eliminate one capacitor", - "Greater transformation range" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7C04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does an impedance-matching circuit transform a complex impedance to a resistive impedance?", - "answers": [ - "It introduces negative resistance to cancel the resistive part of impedance", - "It introduces transconductance to cancel the reactive part of impedance", - "It cancels the reactive part of the impedance and changes the resistive part to the desired value", - "Reactive currents are dissipated in matched resistances" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7C05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which filter type has ripple in the passband and a sharp cutoff?", - "answers": [ - "A Butterworth filter", - "An active LC filter", - "A passive op-amp filter", - "A Chebyshev filter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7C06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What are the characteristics of an elliptical filter?", - "answers": [ - "Gradual passband rolloff with minimal stop-band ripple", - "Extremely flat response over its pass band with gradually rounded stop-band corners", - "Extremely sharp cutoff with one or more notches in the stop band", - "Gradual passband rolloff with extreme stop-band ripple" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7C07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which describes a Pi-L network?", - "answers": [ - "A Phase Inverter Load network", - "A Pi-network with an additional output series inductor", - "A network with only three discrete parts", - "A matching network in which all components are isolated from ground" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7C08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is most frequently used as a band-pass or notch filter in VHF and UHF transceivers?", - "answers": [ - "A Sallen-Key filter", - "A helical filter", - "A swinging choke filter", - "A finite impulse response filter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7C09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a crystal lattice filter?", - "answers": [ - "A power supply filter made with interlaced quartz crystals", - "An audio filter made with four quartz crystals that resonate at 1 kHz intervals", - "A filter using lattice-shaped quartz crystals for high-Q performance", - "A filter for low-level signals made using quartz crystals" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7C10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following filters is used in a 2-meter band repeater duplexer?", - "answers": [ - "A crystal filter", - "A cavity filter", - "A DSP filter", - "An L-C filter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7C11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following measures a filter’s ability to reject signals in adjacent channels?", - "answers": [ - "Passband ripple", - "Phase response", - "Shape factor", - "Noise factor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7D01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does a linear electronic voltage regulator work?", - "answers": [ - "It has a ramp voltage as its output", - "It eliminates the need for a pass transistor", - "The control element duty cycle is proportional to the line or load conditions", - "The conduction of a control element is varied to maintain a constant output voltage" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7D02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does a switchmode voltage regulator work?", - "answers": [ - "By alternating the output between positive and negative voltages", - "By varying the duty cycle of pulses input to a filter", - "By varying the conductivity of a pass element", - "By switching between two Zener diode reference voltages" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7D03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What device is used as a stable voltage reference?", - "answers": [ - "A Zener diode", - "A digital-to-analog converter", - "An SCR", - "An analog-to-digital converter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7D04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes a three-terminal voltage regulator?", - "answers": [ - "A series current source", - "A series regulator", - "A shunt regulator", - "A shunt current source" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7D05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following types of linear voltage regulator operates by loading the unregulated voltage source?", - "answers": [ - "A constant current source", - "A series regulator", - "A shunt current source", - "A shunt regulator" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7D06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of Q1 in the circuit shown in Figure E7-2?", - "answers": [ - "It provides negative feedback to improve regulation", - "It provides a constant load for the voltage source", - "It controls the current to keep the output voltage constant", - "It provides regulation by switching or “chopping” the input DC voltage" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7D07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of C2 in the circuit shown in Figure E7-2?", - "answers": [ - "It bypasses rectifier output ripple around D1", - "It is a brute force filter for the output", - "To prevent self-oscillation", - "To provide fixed DC bias for Q1" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7D08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of circuit is shown in Figure E7-2?", - "answers": [ - "Switching voltage regulator", - "Common emitter amplifier", - "Linear voltage regulator", - "Common base amplifier" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7D09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is battery operating time calculated?", - "answers": [ - "Average current divided by capacity in amp-hours", - "Average current divided by internal resistance", - "Capacity in amp-hours divided by average current", - "Internal resistance divided by average current" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7D10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why is a switching type power supply less expensive and lighter than an equivalent linear power supply?", - "answers": [ - "The inverter design does not require an output filter circuit", - "The control circuitry uses less current, therefore smaller heat sinks are required", - "The high frequency inverter design uses much smaller transformers and filter components for an equivalent power output", - "It recovers power from the unused portion of the AC cycle, thus using fewer components" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7D11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of an inverter connected to a solar panel output?", - "answers": [ - "Reduce AC ripple on the output", - "Maintain voltage with varying illumination levels", - "Prevent discharge when panel is not illuminated", - "Convert the panel’s output from DC to AC" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7D12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the dropout voltage of a linear voltage regulator?", - "answers": [ - "Minimum input voltage for rated power dissipation", - "Maximum output voltage drop when the input voltage is varied over its specified range", - "Minimum input-to-output voltage required to maintain regulation", - "Maximum that the output voltage may decrease at rated load" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7D13", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following calculates power dissipated by a series linear voltage regulator?", - "answers": [ - "Input voltage multiplied by input current", - "Input voltage divided by output current", - "Voltage difference from input to output multiplied by output current", - "Output voltage multiplied by output current" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7D14", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of connecting equal-value resistors across power supply filter capacitors connected in series?", - "answers": [ - "Equalize the voltage across each capacitor", - "Discharge the capacitors when voltage is removed", - "Provide a minimum load on the supply", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7D15", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of a step-start circuit in a high-voltage power supply?", - "answers": [ - "To provide a dual-voltage output for reduced power applications", - "To compensate for variations of the incoming line voltage", - "To prevent arcing across the input power switch or relay contacts", - "To allow the filter capacitors to charge gradually" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7E01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can be used to generate FM phone signals?", - "answers": [ - "Balanced modulation of the audio amplifier", - "Reactance modulation of a local oscillator", - "Reactance modulation of the final amplifier", - "Balanced modulation of a local oscillator" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7E02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the function of a reactance modulator?", - "answers": [ - "Produce PM or FM signals by varying a resistance", - "Produce AM signals by varying an inductance", - "Produce AM signals by varying a resistance", - "Produce PM or FM signals by varying a capacitance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7E03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a frequency discriminator?", - "answers": [ - "An FM generator circuit", - "A circuit for filtering closely adjacent signals", - "An automatic band-switching circuit", - "A circuit for detecting FM signals" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7E04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is one way to produce a single-sideband phone signal?", - "answers": [ - "Use a balanced modulator followed by a filter", - "Use a reactance modulator followed by a mixer", - "Use a loop modulator followed by a mixer", - "Use a product detector with a DSB signal" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7E05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is added to an FM speech channel to boost the higher audio frequencies?", - "answers": [ - "A de-emphasis network", - "A harmonic enhancer", - "A heterodyne enhancer", - "A pre-emphasis network" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7E06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why is de-emphasis used in FM communications receivers?", - "answers": [ - "For compatibility with transmitters using phase modulation", - "To reduce impulse noise reception", - "For higher efficiency", - "To remove third-order distortion products" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7E07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is meant by the term “baseband” in radio communications?", - "answers": [ - "The lowest frequency band that the transmitter or receiver covers", - "The frequency range occupied by a message signal prior to modulation", - "The unmodulated bandwidth of the transmitted signal", - "The basic oscillator frequency in an FM transmitter that is multiplied to increase the deviation and carrier frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7E08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What are the principal frequencies that appear at the output of a mixer?", - "answers": [ - "Two and four times the input frequency", - "The square root of the product of input frequencies", - "The two input frequencies along with their sum and difference frequencies", - "1.414 and 0.707 times the input frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7E09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What occurs when the input signal levels to a mixer are too high?", - "answers": [ - "Spurious mixer products are generated", - "Mixer blanking occurs", - "Automatic limiting occurs", - "Excessive AGC voltage levels are generated" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7E10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does a diode envelope detector function?", - "answers": [ - "By rectification and filtering of RF signals", - "By breakdown of the Zener voltage", - "By mixing signals with noise in the transition region of the diode", - "By sensing the change of reactance in the diode with respect to frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7E11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which type of detector is used for demodulating SSB signals?", - "answers": [ - "Discriminator", - "Phase detector", - "Product detector", - "Phase comparator" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7F01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is meant by “direct sampling” in software defined radios?", - "answers": [ - "Software is converted from source code to object code during operation of the receiver", - "I and Q signals are generated by digital processing without the use of RF amplification", - "Incoming RF is digitized by an analog-to-digital converter without being mixed with a local oscillator signal", - "A switching mixer is used to generate I and Q signals directly from the RF input" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7F02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What kind of digital signal processing audio filter is used to remove unwanted noise from a received SSB signal?", - "answers": [ - "An adaptive filter", - "A crystal-lattice filter", - "A Hilbert-transform filter", - "A phase-inverting filter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7F03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of digital signal processing filter is used to generate an SSB signal?", - "answers": [ - "An adaptive filter", - "A notch filter", - "A Hilbert-transform filter", - "An elliptical filter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7F04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which method generates an SSB signal using digital signal processing?", - "answers": [ - "Mixing products are converted to voltages and subtracted by adder circuits", - "A frequency synthesizer removes unwanted sidebands", - "Varying quartz crystal characteristics are emulated in digital form", - "Signals are combined in quadrature phase relationship" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7F05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How frequently must an analog signal be sampled to be accurately reproduced?", - "answers": [ - "At least half the rate of the highest frequency component of the signal", - "At least twice the rate of the highest frequency component of the signal", - "At the same rate as the highest frequency component of the signal", - "At four times the rate of the highest frequency component of the signal" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7F06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the minimum number of bits required to sample a signal with a range of 1 volt at a resolution of 1 millivolt?", - "answers": [ - "4 bits", - "6 bits", - "8 bits", - "10 bits" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7F07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What function is performed by a Fast Fourier Transform?", - "answers": [ - "Converting analog signals to digital form", - "Converting digital signals to analog form", - "Converting signals from the time domain to the frequency domain", - "Converting signals from the frequency domain to the time domain" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7F08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the function of decimation?", - "answers": [ - "Converting data to binary-coded decimal form", - "Reducing the effective sample rate by removing samples", - "Attenuating the signal", - "Removing unnecessary significant digits" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7F09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why is an anti-aliasing filter required in a decimator?", - "answers": [ - "It removes high-frequency signal components that would otherwise be reproduced as lower frequency components", - "It peaks the response of the decimator, improving bandwidth", - "It removes low-frequency signal components to eliminate the need for DC restoration", - "It notches out the sampling frequency to avoid sampling errors" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7F10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What aspect of receiver analog-to-digital conversion determines the maximum receive bandwidth of a direct-sampling software defined radio (SDR)?", - "answers": [ - "Sample rate", - "Sample width in bits", - "Integral non-linearity", - "Differential non-linearity" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7F11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What sets the minimum detectable signal level for a direct-sampling software defined receiver in the absence of atmospheric or thermal noise?", - "answers": [ - "Sample clock phase noise", - "Reference voltage level and sample width in bits", - "Data storage transfer rate", - "Missing codes and jitter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7F12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is generally true of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters?", - "answers": [ - "FIR filters can delay all frequency components of the signal by the same amount", - "FIR filters are easier to implement for a given set of passband rolloff requirements", - "FIR filters can respond faster to impulses", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7F13", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the function of taps in a digital signal processing filter?", - "answers": [ - "To reduce excess signal pressure levels", - "Provide access for debugging software", - "Select the point at which baseband signals are generated", - "Provide incremental signal delays for filter algorithms" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7F14", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following would allow a digital signal processing filter to create a sharper filter response?", - "answers": [ - "Higher data rate", - "More taps", - "Lower Q", - "Double-precision math routines" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7G01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the typical output impedance of an op-amp?", - "answers": [ - "Very low", - "Very high", - "100 ohms", - "10,000 ohms" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7G02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the frequency response of the circuit in E7-3 if a capacitor is added across the feedback resistor?", - "answers": [ - "High-pass filter", - "Low-pass filter", - "Band-pass filter", - "Notch filter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7G03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the typical input impedance of an op-amp?", - "answers": [ - "100 ohms", - "10,000 ohms", - "Very low", - "Very high" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7G04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is meant by the term “op-amp input offset voltage”?", - "answers": [ - "The output voltage of the op-amp minus its input voltage", - "The difference between the output voltage of the op-amp and the input voltage required in the immediately following stage", - "The differential input voltage needed to bring the open loop output voltage to zero", - "The potential between the amplifier input terminals of the op-amp in an open loop condition" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7G05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How can unwanted ringing and audio instability be prevented in an op-amp audio filter?", - "answers": [ - "Restrict both gain and Q", - "Restrict gain but increase Q", - "Restrict Q but increase gain", - "Increase both gain and Q" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7G06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the gain-bandwidth of an operational amplifier?", - "answers": [ - "The maximum frequency for a filter circuit using that type of amplifier", - "The frequency at which the open-loop gain of the amplifier equals one", - "The gain of the amplifier at a filter’s cutoff frequency", - "The frequency at which the amplifier’s offset voltage is zero" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7G07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What voltage gain can be expected from the circuit in Figure E7-3 when R1 is 10 ohms and RF is 470 ohms?", - "answers": [ - "0.21", - "4700", - "47", - "24" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7G08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does the gain of an ideal operational amplifier vary with frequency?", - "answers": [ - "It increases linearly with increasing frequency", - "It decreases linearly with increasing frequency", - "It decreases logarithmically with increasing frequency", - "It does not vary with frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7G09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What will be the output voltage of the circuit shown in Figure E7-3 if R1 is 1,000 ohms, RF is 10,000 ohms, and 0.23 volts DC is applied to the input?", - "answers": [ - "0.23 volts", - "2.3 volts", - "-0.23 volts", - "-2.3 volts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7G10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What absolute voltage gain can be expected from the circuit in Figure E7-3 when R1 is 1,800 ohms and RF is 68 kilohms?", - "answers": [ - "1", - "0.03", - "38", - "76" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7G11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What absolute voltage gain can be expected from the circuit in Figure E7-3 when R1 is 3,300 ohms and RF is 47 kilohms?", - "answers": [ - "28", - "14", - "7", - "0.07" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7G12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an operational amplifier?", - "answers": [ - "A high-gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier with very high input impedance and very low output impedance", - "A digital audio amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components external to the amplifier", - "An amplifier used to increase the average output of frequency modulated amateur signals to the legal limit", - "A RF amplifier used in the UHF and microwave regions" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7H01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What are three common oscillator circuits?", - "answers": [ - "Taft, Pierce, and negative feedback", - "Pierce, Fenner, and Beane", - "Taft, Hartley, and Pierce", - "Colpitts, Hartley, and Pierce" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7H02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a microphonic?", - "answers": [ - "An IC used for amplifying microphone signals", - "Distortion caused by RF pickup on the microphone cable", - "Changes in oscillator frequency caused by mechanical vibration", - "Excess loading of the microphone by an oscillator" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7H03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a phase-locked loop?", - "answers": [ - "An electronic servo loop consisting of a ratio detector, reactance modulator, and voltage-controlled oscillator", - "An electronic circuit also known as a monostable multivibrator", - "An electronic servo loop consisting of a phase detector, a low-pass filter, a voltage-controlled oscillator, and a stable reference oscillator", - "An electronic circuit consisting of a precision push-pull amplifier with a differential phase input" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7H04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is positive feedback supplied in a Colpitts oscillator?", - "answers": [ - "Through a tapped coil", - "Through link coupling", - "Through a capacitive divider", - "Through a neutralizing capacitor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7H05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is positive feedback supplied in a Pierce oscillator?", - "answers": [ - "Through a tapped coil", - "Through link coupling", - "Through a neutralizing capacitor", - "Through a quartz crystal" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7H06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of these functions can be performed by a phase-locked loop?", - "answers": [ - "Wide-band AF and RF power amplification", - "Frequency synthesis and FM demodulation", - "Photovoltaic conversion and optical coupling", - "Comparison of two digital input signals and digital pulse counting" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7H07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How can an oscillator’s microphonic responses be reduced?", - "answers": [ - "Use NP0 capacitors", - "Reduce noise on the oscillator’s power supply", - "Increase the gain", - "Mechanically isolate the oscillator circuitry from its enclosure" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7H08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following components can be used to reduce thermal drift in crystal oscillators?", - "answers": [ - "NP0 capacitors", - "Toroidal inductors", - "Wirewound resistors", - "Non-inductive resistors" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7H09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of frequency synthesizer circuit uses a phase accumulator, lookup table, digital-to-analog converter, and a low-pass anti-alias filter?", - "answers": [ - "A direct digital synthesizer", - "A hybrid synthesizer", - "A phase-locked loop synthesizer", - "A direct conversion synthesizer" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7H10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What information is contained in the lookup table of a direct digital synthesizer (DDS)?", - "answers": [ - "The phase relationship between a reference oscillator and the output waveform", - "Amplitude values that represent the desired waveform", - "The phase relationship between a voltage-controlled oscillator and the output waveform", - "Frequently used receiver and transmitter frequencies" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7H11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What are the major spectral impurity components of direct digital synthesizers?", - "answers": [ - "Broadband noise", - "Digital conversion noise", - "Spurious signals at discrete frequencies", - "Harmonics of the local oscillator" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7H12", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following ensures that a crystal oscillator operates on the frequency specified by the crystal manufacturer?", - "answers": [ - "Provide the crystal with a specified parallel inductance", - "Provide the crystal with a specified parallel capacitance", - "Bias the crystal at a specified voltage", - "Bias the crystal at a specified current" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E7H13", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a technique for providing highly accurate and stable oscillators needed for microwave transmission and reception?", - "answers": [ - "Use a GPS signal reference", - "Use a rubidium stabilized reference oscillator", - "Use a temperature-controlled high Q dielectric resonator", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8A01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What technique shows that a square wave is made up of a sine wave and its odd harmonics?", - "answers": [ - "Fourier analysis", - "Vector analysis", - "Numerical analysis", - "Differential analysis" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8A02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a type of analog-to-digital conversion?", - "answers": [ - "Successive approximation", - "Harmonic regeneration", - "Level shifting", - "Phase reversal" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8A03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes a signal in the time domain?", - "answers": [ - "Power at intervals of phase", - "Amplitude at different times", - "Frequency at different times", - "Discrete impulses in time order" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8A04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is “dither” with respect to analog-to-digital converters?", - "answers": [ - "An abnormal condition where the converter cannot settle on a value to represent the signal", - "A small amount of noise added to the input signal to reduce quantization noise", - "An error caused by irregular quantization step size", - "A method of decimation by randomly skipping samples" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8A05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the benefit of making voltage measurements with a true-RMS calculating meter?", - "answers": [ - "An inverse Fourier transform can be used", - "The signal’s RMS noise factor is also calculated", - "The calculated RMS value can be converted directly into phasor form", - "RMS is measured for both sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal signals" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8A06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate ratio of PEP-to-average power in an unprocessed single-sideband phone signal?", - "answers": [ - "2.5 to 1", - "25 to 1", - "1 to 1", - "13 to 1" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8A07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What determines the PEP-to-average power ratio of an unprocessed single-sideband phone signal?", - "answers": [ - "The frequency of the modulating signal", - "Speech characteristics", - "The degree of carrier suppression", - "Amplifier gain" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8A08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why are direct or flash conversion analog-to-digital converters used for a software defined radio?", - "answers": [ - "Very low power consumption decreases frequency drift", - "Immunity to out-of-sequence coding reduces spurious responses", - "Very high speed allows digitizing high frequencies", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8A09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How many different input levels can be encoded by an analog-to-digital converter with 8-bit resolution?", - "answers": [ - "8", - "8 multiplied by the gain of the input amplifier", - "256 divided by the gain of the input amplifier", - "256" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8A10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of a low-pass filter used at the output of a digital-to-analog converter?", - "answers": [ - "Lower the input bandwidth to increase the effective resolution", - "Improve accuracy by removing out-of-sequence codes from the input", - "Remove spurious sampling artifacts from the output signal", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8A11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a measure of the quality of an analog-to-digital converter?", - "answers": [ - "Total harmonic distortion", - "Peak envelope power", - "Reciprocal mixing", - "Power factor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8B01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the modulation index of an FM signal?", - "answers": [ - "The ratio of frequency deviation to modulating signal frequency", - "The ratio of modulating signal amplitude to frequency deviation", - "The modulating signal frequency divided by the bandwidth of the transmitted signal", - "The bandwidth of the transmitted signal divided by the modulating signal frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8B02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does the modulation index of a phase-modulated emission vary with RF carrier frequency?", - "answers": [ - "It increases as the RF carrier frequency increases", - "It decreases as the RF carrier frequency increases", - "It varies with the square root of the RF carrier frequency", - "It does not depend on the RF carrier frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8B03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the modulation index of an FM phone signal having a maximum frequency deviation of 3000 Hz either side of the carrier frequency if the highest modulating frequency is 1000 Hz?", - "answers": [ - "3", - "0.3", - "6", - "0.6" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8B04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the modulation index of an FM phone signal having a maximum carrier deviation of plus or minus 6 kHz if the highest modulating frequency is 2 kHz?", - "answers": [ - "0.3", - "3", - "0.6", - "6" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8B05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the deviation ratio of an FM phone signal having a maximum frequency swing of plus or minus 5 kHz if the highest modulation frequency is 3 kHz?", - "answers": [ - "6", - "0.167", - "0.6", - "1.67" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8B06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the deviation ratio of an FM phone signal having a maximum frequency swing of plus or minus 7.5 kHz if the highest modulation frequency is 3.5 kHz?", - "answers": [ - "2.14", - "0.214", - "0.47", - "47" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8B07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a technique used for which types of amateur communication?", - "answers": [ - "Digital modes", - "Extremely low-power contacts", - "EME", - "OFDM signals are not allowed on amateur bands" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8B08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What describes orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)?", - "answers": [ - "A frequency modulation technique that uses non-harmonically related frequencies", - "A bandwidth compression technique using Fourier transforms", - "A digital mode for narrow-band, slow-speed transmissions", - "A digital modulation technique using subcarriers at frequencies chosen to avoid intersymbol interference" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8B09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is deviation ratio?", - "answers": [ - "The ratio of the audio modulating frequency to the center carrier frequency", - "The ratio of the maximum carrier frequency deviation to the highest audio modulating frequency", - "The ratio of the carrier center frequency to the audio modulating frequency", - "The ratio of the highest audio modulating frequency to the average audio modulating frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8B10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is frequency division multiplexing (FDM)?", - "answers": [ - "The transmitted signal jumps from band to band at a predetermined rate", - "Dividing the transmitted signal into separate frequency bands that each carry a different data stream", - "The transmitted signal is divided into packets of information", - "Two or more information streams are merged into a digital combiner, which then pulse position modulates the transmitter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8B11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is digital time division multiplexing?", - "answers": [ - "Two or more data streams are assigned to discrete sub-carriers on an FM transmitter", - "Two or more signals are arranged to share discrete time slots of a data transmission", - "Two or more data streams share the same channel by transmitting time of transmission as the sub-carrier", - "Two or more signals are quadrature modulated to increase bandwidth efficiency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8C01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is Quadrature Amplitude Modulation or QAM?", - "answers": [ - "A technique for digital data compression used in digital television which removes redundancy in the data by comparing bit amplitudes", - "Transmission of data by modulating the amplitude of two carriers of the same frequency but 90 degrees out of phase", - "A method of performing single sideband modulation by shifting the phase of the carrier and modulation components of the signal", - "A technique for analog modulation of television video signals using phase modulation and compression" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8C02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the definition of symbol rate in a digital transmission?", - "answers": [ - "The number of control characters in a message packet", - "The maximum rate at which the forward error correction code can make corrections", - "The rate at which the waveform changes to convey information", - "The number of characters carried per second by the station-to-station link" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8C03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why should the phase of a PSK signal be changed at the zero crossing of the RF signal?", - "answers": [ - "To minimize bandwidth", - "To simplify modulation", - "To improve carrier suppression", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8C04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What technique minimizes the bandwidth of a PSK31 signal?", - "answers": [ - "Zero-sum character encoding", - "Reed-Solomon character encoding", - "Use of sinusoidal data pulses", - "Use of linear data pulses" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8C05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate bandwidth of a 13-WPM International Morse Code transmission?", - "answers": [ - "13 Hz", - "26 Hz", - "52 Hz", - "104 Hz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8C06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the bandwidth of an FT8 signal?", - "answers": [ - "10 Hz", - "50 Hz", - "600 Hz", - "2.4 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8C07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the bandwidth of a 4,800-Hz frequency shift, 9,600-baud ASCII FM transmission?", - "answers": [ - "15.36 kHz", - "9.6 kHz", - "4.8 kHz", - "5.76 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8C08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does ARQ accomplish error correction?", - "answers": [ - "Special binary codes provide automatic correction", - "Special polynomial codes provide automatic correction", - "If errors are detected, redundant data is substituted", - "If errors are detected, a retransmission is requested" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8C09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which digital code allows only one bit to change between sequential code values?", - "answers": [ - "Binary Coded Decimal Code", - "Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code", - "Extended ASCII", - "Gray code" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8C10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How can data rate be increased without increasing bandwidth?", - "answers": [ - "It is impossible", - "Increasing analog-to-digital conversion resolution", - "Using a more efficient digital code", - "Using forward error correction" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8C11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the relationship between symbol rate and baud?", - "answers": [ - "They are the same", - "Baud is twice the symbol rate", - "Baud rate is half the symbol rate", - "The relationship depends on the specific code used" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8C12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What factors affect the bandwidth of a transmitted CW signal?", - "answers": [ - "IF bandwidth and Q", - "Modulation index and output power", - "Keying speed and shape factor (rise and fall time)", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8C13", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is described by the constellation diagram of a QAM or QPSK signal?", - "answers": [ - "How many carriers may be present at the same time", - "The possible phase and amplitude states for each symbol", - "Frequency response of the signal stream", - "The number of bits used for error correction in the protocol" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8C14", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of addresses do nodes have in a mesh network?", - "answers": [ - "Email", - "Trust server", - "Internet Protocol (IP)", - "Talk group" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8C15", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What technique do individual nodes use to form a mesh network?", - "answers": [ - "Forward error correction and Viterbi codes", - "Acting as store-and-forward digipeaters", - "Discovery and link establishment protocols", - "Custom code plugs for the local trunking systems" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8D01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why are received spread spectrum signals resistant to interference?", - "answers": [ - "Signals not using the spread spectrum algorithm are suppressed in the receiver", - "The high power used by a spread spectrum transmitter keeps its signal from being easily overpowered", - "Built-in error correction codes minimize interference", - "If the receiver detects interference, it will signal the transmitter to change frequencies" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8D02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What spread spectrum communications technique uses a high-speed binary bit stream to shift the phase of an RF carrier?", - "answers": [ - "Frequency hopping", - "Direct sequence", - "Binary phase-shift keying", - "Phase compandored spread spectrum" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8D03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which describes spread spectrum frequency hopping?", - "answers": [ - "If interference is detected by the receiver, it will signal the transmitter to change frequencies", - "RF signals are clipped to generate a wide band of harmonics which provides redundancy to correct errors", - "A binary bit stream is used to shift the phase of an RF carrier very rapidly in a pseudorandom sequence", - "Rapidly varying the frequency of a transmitted signal according to a pseudorandom sequence" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8D04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the primary effect of extremely short rise or fall time on a CW signal?", - "answers": [ - "More difficult to copy", - "The generation of RF harmonics", - "The generation of key clicks", - "More difficult to tune" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8D05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the most common method of reducing key clicks?", - "answers": [ - "Increase keying waveform rise and fall times", - "Insert low-pass filters at the transmitter output", - "Reduce keying waveform rise and fall times", - "Insert high-pass filters at the transmitter output" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8D06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the advantage of including parity bits in ASCII characters?", - "answers": [ - "Faster transmission rate", - "Signal-to-noise ratio is improved", - "A larger character set is available", - "Some types of errors can be detected" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8D07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a common cause of overmodulation of AFSK signals?", - "answers": [ - "Excessive numbers of retries", - "Excessive frequency deviation", - "Bit errors in the modem", - "Excessive transmit audio levels" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8D08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What parameter evaluates distortion of an AFSK signal caused by excessive input audio levels?", - "answers": [ - "Signal-to-noise ratio", - "Baud error rate", - "Repeat Request Rate (RRR)", - "Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8D09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is considered an acceptable maximum IMD level for an idling PSK signal?", - "answers": [ - "+5 dB", - "+10 dB", - "+15 dB", - "-30 dB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8D10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What are some of the differences between the Baudot digital code and ASCII?", - "answers": [ - "Baudot uses 4 data bits per character, ASCII uses 7 or 8; Baudot uses 1 character as a letters/figures shift code, ASCII has no letters/figures code", - "Baudot uses 5 data bits per character, ASCII uses 7 or 8; Baudot uses 2 characters as letters/figures shift codes, ASCII has no letters/figures shift code", - "Baudot uses 6 data bits per character, ASCII uses 7 or 8; Baudot has no letters/figures shift code, ASCII uses 2 letters/figures shift codes", - "Baudot uses 7 data bits per character, ASCII uses 8; Baudot has no letters/figures shift code, ASCII uses 2 letters/figures shift codes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E8D11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is one advantage of using ASCII code for data communications?", - "answers": [ - "It includes built-in error correction features", - "It contains fewer information bits per character than any other code", - "It is possible to transmit both uppercase and lowercase text", - "It uses one character as a shift code to send numeric and special characters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9A01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an isotropic radiator?", - "answers": [ - "A calibrated, unidirectional antenna used to make precise antenna gain measurements", - "An omnidirectional, horizontally polarized, precisely calibrated antenna used to make field measurements of antenna gain", - "A hypothetical, lossless antenna having equal radiation intensity in all directions used as a reference for antenna gain", - "A spacecraft antenna used to direct signals toward Earth" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9A02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the effective radiated power (ERP) of a repeater station with 150 watts transmitter power output, 2 dB feed line loss, 2.2 dB duplexer loss, and 7 dBd antenna gain?", - "answers": [ - "469 watts", - "78.7 watts", - "420 watts", - "286 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9A03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What term describing total radiated power takes into account all gains and losses?", - "answers": [ - "Power factor", - "Half-power bandwidth", - "Effective radiated power", - "Apparent power" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9A04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following factors affect the feed point impedance of an antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Transmission line length", - "Antenna height", - "The settings of an antenna tuner at the transmitter", - "The input power level" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9A05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the term “ground gain” mean?", - "answers": [ - "The change in signal strength caused by grounding the antenna", - "The gain of the antenna with respect to a dipole at ground level", - "To force net gain to 0 dB by grounding part of the antenna", - "An increase in signal strength from ground reflections in the environment of the antenna" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9A06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the effective radiated power (ERP) of a repeater station with 200 watts transmitter power output, 4 dB feed line loss, 3.2 dB duplexer loss, 0.8 dB circulator loss, and 10 dBd antenna gain?", - "answers": [ - "317 watts", - "2,000 watts", - "126 watts", - "300 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9A07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of a repeater station with 200 watts transmitter power output, 2 dB feed line loss, 2.8 dB duplexer loss, 1.2 dB circulator loss, and 7 dBi antenna gain?", - "answers": [ - "159 watts", - "252 watts", - "632 watts", - "63.2 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9A08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which frequency band has the smallest first Fresnel zone?", - "answers": [ - "5.8 GHz", - "3.4 GHz", - "2.4 GHz", - "900 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9A09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is antenna efficiency?", - "answers": [ - "Radiation resistance divided by transmission resistance", - "Radiation resistance divided by total resistance", - "Total resistance divided by radiation resistance", - "Effective radiated power divided by transmitter output" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9A10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following improves the efficiency of a ground-mounted quarter-wave vertical antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Installing a ground radial system", - "Isolating the coax shield from ground", - "Shortening the radiating element", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9A11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following determines ground losses for a ground-mounted vertical antenna operating on HF?", - "answers": [ - "The standing wave ratio", - "Distance from the transmitter", - "Soil conductivity", - "Take-off angle" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9A12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How much gain does an antenna have compared to a half-wavelength dipole if it has 6 dB gain over an isotropic radiator?", - "answers": [ - "3.85 dB", - "6.0 dB", - "8.15 dB", - "2.79 dB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9B01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the 3 dB beamwidth of the antenna radiation pattern shown in Figure E9-1?", - "answers": [ - "75 degrees", - "50 degrees", - "25 degrees", - "30 degrees" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9B02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the front-to-back ratio of the antenna radiation pattern shown in Figure E9-1?", - "answers": [ - "36 dB", - "14 dB", - "24 dB", - "18 dB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9B03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the front-to-side ratio of the antenna radiation pattern shown in Figure E9-1?", - "answers": [ - "12 dB", - "24 dB", - "18 dB", - "14 dB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9B04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the front-to-back ratio of the radiation pattern shown in Figure E9-2?", - "answers": [ - "15 dB", - "28 dB", - "3 dB", - "38 dB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9B05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of antenna pattern is shown in Figure E9-2?", - "answers": [ - "Elevation", - "Azimuth", - "Near field", - "Polarization" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9B06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the elevation angle of peak response in the antenna radiation pattern shown in Figure E9-2?", - "answers": [ - "45 degrees", - "75 degrees", - "7.5 degrees", - "25 degrees" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9B07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the difference in radiated power between a lossless antenna with gain and an isotropic radiator driven by the same power?", - "answers": [ - "The power radiated from the directional antenna is increased by the gain of the antenna", - "The power radiated from the directional antenna is stronger by its front-to-back ratio", - "They are the same", - "The power radiated from the isotropic radiator is 2.15 dB greater than that from the directional antenna" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9B08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the far field of an antenna?", - "answers": [ - "The region of the ionosphere where radiated power is not refracted", - "The region where radiated power dissipates over a specified time period", - "The region where radiated field strengths are constant", - "The region where the shape of the radiation pattern no longer varies with distance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9B09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of analysis is commonly used for modeling antennas?", - "answers": [ - "Graphical analysis", - "Method of Moments", - "Mutual impedance analysis", - "Calculus differentiation with respect to physical properties" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9B10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the principle of a Method of Moments analysis?", - "answers": [ - "A wire is modeled as a series of segments, each having a uniform value of current", - "A wire is modeled as a single sine-wave current generator", - "A wire is modeled as a single sine-wave voltage source", - "A wire is modeled as a series of segments, each having a distinct value of voltage across it" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9B11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a disadvantage of decreasing the number of wire segments in an antenna model below 10 segments per half-wavelength?", - "answers": [ - "Ground conductivity will not be accurately modeled", - "The resulting design will favor radiation of harmonic energy", - "The computed feed point impedance may be incorrect", - "The antenna will become mechanically unstable" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9C01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of radiation pattern is created by two 1/4-wavelength vertical antennas spaced 1/2-wavelength apart and fed 180 degrees out of phase?", - "answers": [ - "Cardioid", - "Omni-directional", - "A figure-eight broadside to the axis of the array", - "A figure-eight oriented along the axis of the array" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9C02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of radiation pattern is created by two 1/4-wavelength vertical antennas spaced 1/4-wavelength apart and fed 90 degrees out of phase?", - "answers": [ - "Cardioid", - "A figure-eight end-fire along the axis of the array", - "A figure-eight broadside to the axis of the array", - "Omni-directional" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9C03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of radiation pattern is created by two 1/4-wavelength vertical antennas spaced 1/2-wavelength apart and fed in phase?", - "answers": [ - "Omni-directional", - "Cardioid", - "A figure-eight broadside to the axis of the array", - "A figure-eight end-fire along the axis of the array" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9C04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What happens to the radiation pattern of an unterminated long wire antenna as the wire length is increased?", - "answers": [ - "Fewer lobes form with the major lobes increasing closer to broadside to the wire", - "Additional lobes form with major lobes increasingly aligned with the axis of the antenna", - "The elevation angle increases, and the front-to-rear ratio decreases", - "The elevation angle increases, while the front-to-rear ratio is unaffected" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9C05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of feeding an off-center-fed dipole (OCFD) between the center and one end instead of at the midpoint?", - "answers": [ - "To create a similar feed point impedance on multiple bands", - "To suppress off-center lobes at higher frequencies", - "To resonate the antenna across a wider range of frequencies", - "To reduce common-mode current coupling on the feed line shield" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9C06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the effect of adding a terminating resistor to a rhombic or long-wire antenna?", - "answers": [ - "It reflects the standing waves on the antenna elements back to the transmitter", - "It changes the radiation pattern from bidirectional to unidirectional", - "It changes the radiation pattern from horizontal to vertical polarization", - "It decreases the ground loss" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9C07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate feed point impedance at the center of a two-wire half-wave folded dipole antenna?", - "answers": [ - "300 ohms", - "72 ohms", - "50 ohms", - "450 ohms" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9C08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a folded dipole antenna?", - "answers": [ - "A dipole one-quarter wavelength long", - "A center-fed dipole with the ends folded down 90 degrees at the midpoint of each side", - "A half-wave dipole with an additional parallel wire connecting its two ends", - "A dipole configured to provide forward gain" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9C09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes a G5RV antenna?", - "answers": [ - "A wire antenna center-fed through a specific length of open-wire line connected to a balun and coaxial feed line", - "A multi-band trap antenna", - "A phased array antenna consisting of multiple loops", - "A wide band dipole using shorted coaxial cable for the radiating elements and fed with a 4:1 balun" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9C10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes a Zepp antenna?", - "answers": [ - "A horizontal array capable of quickly changing the direction of maximum radiation by changing phasing lines", - "An end-fed half-wavelength dipole", - "An omni-directional antenna commonly used for satellite communications", - "A vertical array capable of quickly changing the direction of maximum radiation by changing phasing lines" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9C11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is the far-field elevation pattern of a vertically polarized antenna affected by being mounted over seawater versus soil?", - "answers": [ - "Radiation at low angles decreases", - "Additional lobes appear at higher elevation angles", - "Separate elevation lobes will combine into a single lobe", - "Radiation at low angles increases" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9C12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes an extended double Zepp antenna?", - "answers": [ - "An end-fed full-wave dipole antenna", - "A center-fed 1.5-wavelength dipole antenna", - "A center-fed 1.25-wavelength dipole antenna", - "An end-fed 2-wavelength dipole antenna" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9C13", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does the radiation pattern of a horizontally polarized antenna vary with increasing height above ground?", - "answers": [ - "The takeoff angle of the lowest elevation lobe increases", - "The takeoff angle of the lowest elevation lobe decreases", - "The horizontal beamwidth increases", - "The horizontal beamwidth decreases" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9C14", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does the radiation pattern of a horizontally-polarized antenna mounted above a long slope compare with the same antenna mounted above flat ground?", - "answers": [ - "The main lobe takeoff angle increases in the downhill direction", - "The main lobe takeoff angle decreases in the downhill direction", - "The horizontal beamwidth decreases in the downhill direction", - "The horizontal beamwidth increases in the uphill direction" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9D01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How much does the gain of an ideal parabolic reflector antenna increase when the operating frequency is doubled?", - "answers": [ - "2 dB", - "3 dB", - "4 dB", - "6 dB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9D02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How can two linearly polarized Yagi antennas be used to produce circular polarization?", - "answers": [ - "Stack two Yagis to form an array with the respective elements in parallel planes fed 90 degrees out of phase", - "Stack two Yagis to form an array with the respective elements in parallel planes fed in phase", - "Arrange two Yagis on the same axis and perpendicular to each other with the driven elements at the same point on the boom and fed 90 degrees out of phase", - "Arrange two Yagis collinear to each other with the driven elements fed 180 degrees out of phase" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9D03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the most efficient location for a loading coil on an electrically short whip?", - "answers": [ - "Near the center of the vertical radiator", - "As low as possible on the vertical radiator", - "At a voltage maximum", - "At a voltage null" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9D04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why should antenna loading coils have a high ratio of reactance to resistance?", - "answers": [ - "To swamp out harmonics", - "To lower the radiation angle", - "To maximize efficiency", - "To minimize the Q" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9D05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Approximately how long is a Yagi’s driven element?", - "answers": [ - "234 divided by frequency in MHz", - "1005 divided by frequency in MHz", - "1/4 wavelength", - "1/2 wavelength" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9D06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What happens to SWR bandwidth when one or more loading coils are used to resonate an electrically short antenna?", - "answers": [ - "It is increased", - "It is decreased", - "It is unchanged if the loading coil is located at the feed point", - "It is unchanged if the loading coil is located at a voltage maximum point" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9D07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an advantage of top loading an electrically short HF vertical antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Lower Q", - "Greater structural strength", - "Higher losses", - "Improved radiation efficiency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9D08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What happens as the Q of an antenna increases?", - "answers": [ - "SWR bandwidth increases", - "SWR bandwidth decreases", - "Gain is reduced", - "More common-mode current is present on the feed line" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9D09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the function of a loading coil in an electrically short antenna?", - "answers": [ - "To increase the SWR bandwidth by increasing net reactance", - "To lower the losses", - "To lower the Q", - "To resonate the antenna by cancelling the capacitive reactance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9D10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does radiation resistance of a base-fed whip antenna change below its resonant frequency?", - "answers": [ - "Radiation resistance increases", - "Radiation resistance decreases", - "Radiation resistance becomes imaginary", - "Radiation resistance does not depend on frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9D11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why do most two-element Yagis with normal spacing have a reflector instead of a director?", - "answers": [ - "Lower SWR", - "Higher receiving directivity factor", - "Greater front-to-side", - "Higher gain" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9D12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of making a Yagi’s parasitic elements either longer or shorter than resonance?", - "answers": [ - "Wind torque cancellation", - "Mechanical balance", - "Control of phase shift", - "Minimize losses" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9E01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which matching system for Yagi antennas requires the driven element to be insulated from the boom?", - "answers": [ - "Gamma", - "Beta or hairpin", - "Shunt-fed", - "T-match" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9E02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What antenna matching system matches coaxial cable to an antenna by connecting the shield to the center of the antenna and the conductor a fraction of a wavelength to one side?", - "answers": [ - "Gamma match", - "Delta match", - "T-match", - "Stub match" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9E03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What matching system uses a short length of transmission line connected in parallel with the feed line at or near the feed point?", - "answers": [ - "Gamma match", - "Delta match", - "T-match", - "Stub match" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9E04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of the series capacitor in a gamma match?", - "answers": [ - "To provide DC isolation between the feed line and the antenna", - "To cancel unwanted inductive reactance", - "To provide a rejection notch that prevents the radiation of harmonics", - "To transform the antenna impedance to a higher value" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9E05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What Yagi driven element feed point impedance is required to use a beta or hairpin matching system?", - "answers": [ - "Capacitive (driven element electrically shorter than 1/2 wavelength)", - "Inductive (driven element electrically longer than 1/2 wavelength)", - "Purely resistive", - "Purely reactive" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9E06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of these transmission line impedances would be suitable for constructing a quarter-wave Q-section for matching a 100-ohm feed point impedance to a 50-ohm transmission line?", - "answers": [ - "50 ohms", - "62 ohms", - "75 ohms", - "90 ohms" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9E07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What parameter describes the interaction of a load and transmission line?", - "answers": [ - "Characteristic impedance", - "Reflection coefficient", - "Velocity factor", - "Dielectric constant" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9E08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a use for a Wilkinson divider?", - "answers": [ - "To divide the operating frequency of a transmitter signal so it can be used on a lower frequency band", - "To feed high-impedance antennas from a low-impedance source", - "To divide power equally between two 50-ohm loads while maintaining 50-ohm input impedance", - "To divide the frequency of the input to a counter to increase its frequency range" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9E09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is used to shunt feed a grounded tower at its base?", - "answers": [ - "Double-bazooka match", - "Beta or hairpin match", - "Gamma match", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9E11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of using multiple driven elements connected through phasing lines?", - "answers": [ - "To control the antenna’s radiation pattern", - "To prevent harmonic radiation from the transmitter", - "To allow single-band antennas to operate on other bands", - "To create a low-angle radiation pattern" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9F01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the velocity factor of a transmission line?", - "answers": [ - "The ratio of its characteristic impedance to its termination impedance", - "The ratio of its termination impedance to its characteristic impedance", - "The velocity of a wave in the transmission line multiplied by the velocity of light in a vacuum", - "The velocity of a wave in the transmission line divided by the velocity of light in a vacuum" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9F02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following has the biggest effect on the velocity factor of a transmission line?", - "answers": [ - "The characteristic impedance", - "The transmission line length", - "The insulating dielectric material", - "The center conductor resistivity" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9F03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why is the electrical length of a coaxial cable longer than its physical length?", - "answers": [ - "Skin effect is less pronounced in the coaxial cable", - "Skin effect is more pronounced in the coaxial cable", - "Electromagnetic waves move faster in coaxial cable than in air", - "Electromagnetic waves move more slowly in a coaxial cable than in air" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9F04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What impedance does a 1/2-wavelength transmission line present to an RF generator when the line is shorted at the far end?", - "answers": [ - "Very high impedance", - "Very low impedance", - "The same as the characteristic impedance of the line", - "The same as the output impedance of the RF generator" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9F05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is microstrip?", - "answers": [ - "Special shielding material designed for microwave frequencies", - "Miniature coax used for low power applications", - "Short lengths of coax mounted on printed circuit boards to minimize time delay between microwave circuits", - "Precision printed circuit conductors above a ground plane that provide constant impedance interconnects at microwave frequencies" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9F06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate physical length of an air-insulated, parallel conductor transmission line that is electrically 1/2 wavelength long at 14.10 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "7.0 meters", - "8.5 meters", - "10.6 meters", - "13.3 meters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9F07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does parallel conductor transmission line compare to coaxial cable with a plastic dielectric?", - "answers": [ - "Lower loss", - "Higher SWR", - "Smaller reflection coefficient", - "Lower velocity factor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9F08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a significant difference between foam dielectric coaxial cable and solid dielectric coaxial cable, assuming all other parameters are the same?", - "answers": [ - "Foam dielectric coaxial cable has lower safe maximum operating voltage", - "Foam dielectric coaxial cable has lower loss per unit of length", - "Foam dielectric coaxial cable has higher velocity factor", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9F09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What impedance does a 1/4-wavelength transmission line present to an RF generator when the line is shorted at the far end?", - "answers": [ - "Very high impedance", - "Very low impedance", - "The same as the characteristic impedance of the transmission line", - "The same as the generator output impedance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9F10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What impedance does a 1/8-wavelength transmission line present to an RF generator when the line is shorted at the far end?", - "answers": [ - "A capacitive reactance", - "The same as the characteristic impedance of the line", - "An inductive reactance", - "Zero" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9F11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What impedance does a 1/8-wavelength transmission line present to an RF generator when the line is open at the far end?", - "answers": [ - "The same as the characteristic impedance of the line", - "An inductive reactance", - "A capacitive reactance", - "Infinite" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9F12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What impedance does a 1/4-wavelength transmission line present to an RF generator when the line is open at the far end?", - "answers": [ - "The same as the characteristic impedance of the line", - "The same as the input impedance to the generator", - "Very high impedance", - "Very low impedance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9G01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can be calculated using a Smith chart?", - "answers": [ - "Impedance along transmission lines", - "Radiation resistance", - "Antenna radiation pattern", - "Radio propagation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9G02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of coordinate system is used in a Smith chart?", - "answers": [ - "Voltage circles and current arcs", - "Resistance circles and reactance arcs", - "Voltage chords and current chords", - "Resistance lines and reactance chords" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9G03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is often determined using a Smith chart?", - "answers": [ - "Beam headings and radiation patterns", - "Satellite azimuth and elevation bearings", - "Impedance and SWR values in transmission lines", - "Point-to-point propagation reliability as a function of frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9G04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What are the two families of circles and arcs that make up a Smith chart?", - "answers": [ - "Inductance and capacitance", - "Reactance and voltage", - "Resistance and reactance", - "Voltage and impedance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9G05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a common use for a Smith chart?", - "answers": [ - "Determine the length and position of an impedance matching stub", - "Determine the impedance of a transmission line, given the physical dimensions", - "Determine the gain of an antenna given the physical and electrical parameters", - "Determine the loss/100 feet of a transmission line, given the velocity factor and conductor materials" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9G06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "On the Smith chart shown in Figure E9-3, what is the name for the large outer circle on which the reactance arcs terminate?", - "answers": [ - "Prime axis", - "Reactance axis", - "Impedance axis", - "Polar axis" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9G07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "On the Smith chart shown in Figure E9-3, what is the only straight line shown?", - "answers": [ - "The reactance axis", - "The current axis", - "The voltage axis", - "The resistance axis" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9G08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is a Smith chart normalized?", - "answers": [ - "Reassign the reactance axis with resistance values", - "Reassign the resistance axis with reactance values", - "Reassign the prime center’s impedance value", - "Reassign the prime center to the reactance axis" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9G09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What third family of circles is often added to a Smith chart during the process of designing impedance matching networks?", - "answers": [ - "Constant-SWR circles", - "Transmission line length circles", - "Coaxial-length circles", - "Radiation-pattern circles" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9G10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What do the arcs on a Smith chart represent?", - "answers": [ - "Frequency", - "SWR", - "Points with constant resistance", - "Points with constant reactance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9G11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "In what units are the wavelength scales on a Smith chart calibrated?", - "answers": [ - "In fractions of transmission line electrical frequency", - "In fractions of transmission line electrical wavelength", - "In fractions of antenna electrical wavelength", - "In fractions of antenna electrical frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9H01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "When constructing a Beverage antenna, which of the following factors should be included in the design to achieve good performance at the desired frequency?", - "answers": [ - "Its overall length must not exceed 1/4 wavelength", - "It must be mounted more than 1 wavelength above ground", - "It should be configured as a four-sided loop", - "It should be at least one wavelength long" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9H02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which is generally true for 160- and 80-meter receiving antennas?", - "answers": [ - "Atmospheric noise is so high that directivity is much more important than losses", - "They must be erected at least 1/2 wavelength above the ground to attain good directivity", - "Low loss coax transmission line is essential for good performance", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9H03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is receiving directivity factor (RDF)?", - "answers": [ - "Forward gain compared to the gain in the reverse direction", - "Relative directivity compared to isotropic", - "Relative directivity compared to a dipole", - "Peak antenna gain compared to average gain over the hemisphere around and above the antenna" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9H04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of placing an electrostatic shield around a small-loop direction-finding antenna?", - "answers": [ - "It adds capacitive loading, increasing the bandwidth of the antenna", - "It eliminates unbalanced capacitive coupling to the antenna’s surroundings, improving the depth of its nulls", - "It eliminates tracking errors caused by strong out-of-band signals", - "It increases signal strength by providing a better match to the feed line" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9H05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What challenge is presented by a small wire-loop antenna for direction finding?", - "answers": [ - "It has a bidirectional null pattern", - "It does not have a clearly defined null", - "It is practical for use only on VHF and higher bands", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9H06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What indicates the correct value of terminating resistance for a Beverage antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Maximum feed point DC resistance at the center of the desired frequency range", - "Minimum low-angle front-to-back ratio at the design frequency", - "Maximum DC current in the terminating resistor", - "Minimum variation in SWR over the desired frequency range" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9H07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the function of a Beverage antenna’s termination resistor?", - "answers": [ - "Increase the front-to-side ratio", - "Absorb signals from the reverse direction", - "Decrease SWR bandwidth", - "Eliminate harmonic reception" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9H08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the function of a sense antenna?", - "answers": [ - "It modifies the pattern of a DF antenna to provide a null in only one direction", - "It increases the sensitivity of a DF antenna array", - "It allows DF antennas to receive signals at different vertical angles", - "It provides diversity reception that cancels multipath signals" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9H09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of radiation pattern is created by a single-turn, terminated loop such as a pennant antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Cardioid", - "Bidirectional", - "Omnidirectional", - "Hyperbolic" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9H10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How can the output voltage of a multiple-turn receiving loop antenna be increased?", - "answers": [ - "By reducing the permeability of the loop shield", - "By utilizing high impedance wire for the coupling loop", - "By increasing the number of turns and/or the area enclosed by the loop", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E9H11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What feature of a cardioid pattern antenna makes it useful for direction-finding antennas?", - "answers": [ - "A very sharp peak", - "A single null", - "Broadband response", - "High radiation angle" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E0A01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the primary function of an external earth connection or ground rod?", - "answers": [ - "Prevent static build up on power lines", - "Lightning charge dissipation", - "Reduce RF current flow between pieces of equipment", - "Protect breaker panel from power surges" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E0A02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "When evaluating RF exposure levels from your station at a neighbor’s home, what must you do?", - "answers": [ - "Ensure signals from your station are less than the controlled maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits", - "Ensure signals from your station are less than the uncontrolled maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits", - "Ensure signals from your station are less than the controlled maximum permissible emission (MPE) limits", - "Ensure signals from your station are less than the uncontrolled maximum permissible emission (MPE) limits" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E0A03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Over what range of frequencies are the FCC human body RF exposure limits most restrictive?", - "answers": [ - "300 kHz - 3 MHz", - "3 - 30 MHz", - "30 - 300 MHz", - "300 - 3000 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E0A04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "When evaluating a site with multiple transmitters operating at the same time, the operators and licensees of which transmitters are responsible for mitigating over-exposure situations?", - "answers": [ - "Each transmitter that produces 20 percent or more of its MPE limit in areas where the total MPE limit is exceeded", - "Each transmitter operating with a duty cycle greater than 25 percent", - "Each transmitter that produces 5 percent or more of its MPE limit in areas where the total MPE limit is exceeded", - "Each transmitter operating with a duty cycle greater than 50 percent" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E0A05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What hazard is created by operating at microwave frequencies?", - "answers": [ - "Microwaves are ionizing radiation", - "The high gain antennas commonly used can result in high exposure levels", - "Microwaves are in the frequency range where wave velocity is higher", - "The extremely high frequency energy can damage the joints of antenna structures" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E0A06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why are there separate electric (E) and magnetic (H) MPE limits at frequencies below 300 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "The body reacts to electromagnetic radiation from both the E and H fields", - "Ground reflections and scattering cause the field strength to vary with location", - "E field and H field radiation intensity peaks can occur at different locations", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E0A07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is meant by “100% tie-off” regarding tower safety?", - "answers": [ - "All loose ropes and guys secured to a fixed structure", - "At least one lanyard attached to the tower at all times", - "All tools secured to the climber’s harness", - "All circuit breakers feeding power to the tower must be tied closed with tape, cable, or ties" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E0A08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does SAR measure?", - "answers": [ - "Signal attenuation ratio", - "Signal amplification rating", - "The rate at which RF energy is absorbed by the body", - "The rate of RF energy reflected from stationary terrain" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E0A09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following types of equipment are exempt from RF exposure evaluations?", - "answers": [ - "Transceivers with less than 7 watts of RF output", - "Antennas that radiate only in the near field", - "Hand-held transceivers sold before May 3, 2021", - "Dish antennas less than one meter in diameter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E0A10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "When must an RF exposure evaluation be performed on an amateur station operating on 80 meters?", - "answers": [ - "An evaluation must always be performed", - "When the ERP of the station is less than 10 watts", - "When the station’s operating mode is CW", - "When the output power from the transmitter is less than 100 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E0A11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "To what should lanyards be attached while climbing?", - "answers": [ - "Antenna mast", - "Guy brackets", - "Tower rungs", - "Tower legs" - ] - }, - { - "id": "E0A12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Where should a shock-absorbing lanyard be attached to a tower when working above ground?", - "answers": [ - "Above the climber’s head level", - "To the belt of the fall-arrest harness", - "Even with the climber's waist", - "To the next lowest set of guys" - ] - } -] diff --git a/general.json b/general.json deleted file mode 100644 index 398f94c..0000000 --- a/general.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5126 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "id": "G1A01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.301(d)]", - "question": "On which HF and/or MF amateur bands are there portions where General class licensees cannot transmit?", - "answers": [ - "60 meters, 30 meters, 17 meters, and 12 meters", - "160 meters, 60 meters, 15 meters, and 12 meters", - "80 meters, 40 meters, 20 meters, and 15 meters", - "80 meters, 20 meters, 15 meters, and 10 meters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1A02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.305]", - "question": "On which of the following bands is phone operation prohibited?", - "answers": [ - "160 meters", - "30 meters", - "17 meters", - "12 meters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1A03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.305]", - "question": "On which of the following bands is image transmission prohibited?", - "answers": [ - "160 meters", - "30 meters", - "20 meters", - "12 meters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1A04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.303(h)]", - "question": "Which of the following amateur bands is restricted to communication only on specific channels, rather than frequency ranges?", - "answers": [ - "11 meters", - "12 meters", - "30 meters", - "60 meters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1A05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.301(d)]", - "question": "On which of the following frequencies are General class licensees prohibited from operating as control operator?", - "answers": [ - "7.125 MHz to 7.175 MHz", - "28.000 MHz to 28.025 MHz", - "21.275 MHz to 21.300 MHz", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1A06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.303]", - "question": "Which of the following applies when the FCC rules designate the amateur service as a secondary user on a band?", - "answers": [ - "Amateur stations must record the call sign of the primary service station before operating on a frequency assigned to that station", - "Amateur stations may use the band only during emergencies", - "Amateur stations must not cause harmful interference to primary users and must accept interference from primary users", - "Amateur stations may only operate during specific hours of the day, while primary users are permitted 24-hour use of the band" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1A07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.305(a)]", - "question": "On which amateur frequencies in the 10-meter band may stations with a General class control operator transmit CW emissions?", - "answers": [ - "28.000 MHz to 28.025 MHz only", - "28.000 MHz to 28.300 MHz only", - "28.025 MHz to 28.300 MHz only", - "The entire band" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1A08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.301(b)]", - "question": "Which HF bands have segments exclusively allocated to Amateur Extra licensees?", - "answers": [ - "All HF bands", - "80 meters, 40 meters, 20 meters, and 15 meters", - "All HF bands except 160 meters and 10 meters", - "60 meters, 30 meters, 17 meters, and 12 meters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1A09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.301(d)]", - "question": "Which of the following frequencies is within the General class portion of the 15-meter band?", - "answers": [ - "14250 kHz", - "18155 kHz", - "21300 kHz", - "24900 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1A10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.205(b)]", - "question": "What portion of the 10-meter band is available for repeater use?", - "answers": [ - "The entire band", - "The portion between 28.1 MHz and 28.2 MHz", - "The portion between 28.3 MHz and 28.5 MHz", - "The portion above 29.5 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1A11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.301]", - "question": "When General class licensees are not permitted to use the entire voice portion of a band, which portion of the voice segment is available to them?", - "answers": [ - "The lower frequency portion", - "The upper frequency portion", - "The lower frequency portion on frequencies below 7.3 MHz, and the upper portion on frequencies above 14.150 MHz", - "The upper frequency portion on frequencies below 7.3 MHz, and the lower portion on frequencies above 14.150 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1B01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.15(a)]", - "question": "What is the maximum height above ground for an antenna structure not near a public use airport without requiring notification to the FAA and registration with the FCC?", - "answers": [ - "50 feet", - "100 feet", - "200 feet", - "250 feet" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1B02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.203(b)]", - "question": "With which of the following conditions must beacon stations comply?", - "answers": [ - "No more than one beacon station may transmit in the same band from the same station location", - "The frequency must be coordinated with the National Beacon Organization", - "The frequency must be posted on the internet or published in a national periodical", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1B03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.3(a)(9)]", - "question": "Which of the following is a purpose of a beacon station as identified in the FCC rules?", - "answers": [ - "Observation of propagation and reception", - "Automatic identification of repeaters", - "Transmission of bulletins of general interest to amateur radio licensees", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1B04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.113(c)]", - "question": "Which of the following transmissions is permitted for all amateur stations?", - "answers": [ - "Unidentified transmissions of less than 10 seconds duration for test purposes only", - "Automatic retransmission of other amateur signals by any amateur station", - "Occasional retransmission of weather and propagation forecast information from US government stations", - "Encrypted messages, if not intended to facilitate a criminal act" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1B05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.111((5)(b)]", - "question": "Which of the following one-way transmissions are permitted?", - "answers": [ - "Unidentified test transmissions of less than 10 seconds in duration", - "Transmissions to assist with learning the International Morse code", - "Regular transmissions offering equipment for sale, if intended for amateur radio use", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1B06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.15(b), PRB-1, 101 FCC 2d 952 (1985)]", - "question": "Under what conditions are state and local governments permitted to regulate amateur radio antenna structures?", - "answers": [ - "Under no circumstances, FCC rules take priority", - "At any time and to any extent necessary to accomplish a legitimate purpose of the state or local entity, provided that proper filings are made with the FCC", - "Only when such structures exceed 50 feet in height and are clearly visible 1,000 feet from the structure", - "Amateur Service communications must be reasonably accommodated, and regulations must constitute the minimum practical to accommodate a legitimate purpose of the state or local entity" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1B07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.113(a)(4)]", - "question": "What are the restrictions on the use of abbreviations or procedural signals in the amateur service?", - "answers": [ - "Only “Q” signals are permitted", - "They may be used if they do not obscure the meaning of a message", - "They are not permitted", - "They are limited to those expressly listed in Part 97 of the FCC rules" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1B08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.111(a)(1)]", - "question": "When is it permissible to communicate with amateur stations in countries outside the areas administered by the Federal Communications Commission?", - "answers": [ - "Only when the foreign country has a formal third-party agreement filed with the FCC", - "When the contact is with amateurs in any country except those whose administrations have notified the ITU that they object to such communications", - "Only when the contact is with amateurs licensed by a country which is a member of the United Nations, or by a territory possessed by such a country", - "Only when the contact is with amateurs licensed by a country which is a member of the International Amateur Radio Union, or by a territory possessed by such a country" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1B09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.203(d)]", - "question": "On what HF frequencies are automatically controlled beacons permitted?", - "answers": [ - "On any frequency if power is less than 1 watt", - "On any frequency if transmissions are in Morse code", - "21.08 MHz to 21.09 MHz", - "28.20 MHz to 28.30 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1B10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.203(c)]", - "question": "What is the power limit for beacon stations?", - "answers": [ - "10 watts PEP output", - "20 watts PEP output", - "100 watts PEP output", - "200 watts PEP output" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1B11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.101(a)]", - "question": "Who or what determines “good engineering and good amateur practice,” as applied to the operation of an amateur station in all respects not covered by the Part 97 rules?", - "answers": [ - "The FCC", - "The control operator", - "The IEEE", - "The ITU" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1C01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.313(c)(1)]", - "question": "What is the maximum transmitter power an amateur station may use on 10.140 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "200 watts PEP output", - "1000 watts PEP output", - "1500 watts PEP output", - "2000 watts PEP output" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1C02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.313]", - "question": "What is the maximum transmitter power an amateur station may use on the 12-meter band?", - "answers": [ - "50 watts PEP output", - "200 watts PEP output", - "1500 watts PEP output", - "An effective radiated power equivalent to 100 watts from a half-wave dipole" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1C03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.303(h)(1)]", - "question": "What is the maximum bandwidth permitted by FCC rules for amateur radio stations transmitting on USB frequencies in the 60-meter band?", - "answers": [ - "2.8 kHz", - "5.6 kHz", - "1.8 kHz", - "3 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1C04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.303(i)]", - "question": "Which of the following is required by the FCC rules when operating in the 60-meter band?", - "answers": [ - "If you are using an antenna other than a dipole, you must keep a record of the gain of your antenna", - "You must keep a record of the date, time, frequency, power level, and stations worked", - "You must keep a record of all third-party traffic", - "You must keep a record of the manufacturer of your equipment and the antenna used" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1C05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.313]", - "question": "What is the limit for transmitter power on the 28 MHz band for a General Class control operator?", - "answers": [ - "100 watts PEP output", - "1000 watts PEP output", - "1500 watts PEP output", - "2000 watts PEP output" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1C06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.313]", - "question": "What is the limit for transmitter power on the 1.8 MHz band?", - "answers": [ - "200 watts PEP output", - "1000 watts PEP output", - "1200 watts PEP output", - "1500 watts PEP output" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1C07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.309(a)(4)]", - "question": "What must be done before using a new digital protocol on the air?", - "answers": [ - "Type-certify equipment to FCC standards", - "Obtain an experimental license from the FCC", - "Publicly document the technical characteristics of the protocol", - "Submit a rule-making proposal to the FCC describing the codes and methods of the technique" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1C09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.313(i)]", - "question": "What is the maximum power limit on the 60-meter band?", - "answers": [ - "1500 watts PEP", - "10 watts RMS", - "ERP of 100 watts PEP with respect to a dipole", - "ERP of 100 watts PEP with respect to an isotropic antenna" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1C11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.313]", - "question": "What measurement is specified by FCC rules that regulate maximum power?", - "answers": [ - "RMS output from the transmitter", - "RMS input to the antenna", - "PEP input to the antenna", - "PEP output from the transmitter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1D01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.501, 97.505(a)]", - "question": "Who may receive partial credit for the elements represented by an expired amateur radio license?", - "answers": [ - "Any person who can demonstrate that they once held an FCC-issued General, Advanced, or Amateur Extra class license that was not revoked by the FCC", - "Anyone who held an FCC-issued amateur radio license that expired not less than 5 and not more than 15 years ago", - "Any person who previously held an amateur license issued by another country, but only if that country has a current reciprocal licensing agreement with the FCC", - "Only persons who once held an FCC issued Novice, Technician, or Technician Plus license" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1D02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.509(b)(3)(i)]", - "question": "What license examinations may you administer as an accredited Volunteer Examiner holding a General class operator license?", - "answers": [ - "General and Technician", - "None, only Amateur Extra class licensees may be accredited", - "Technician only", - "Amateur Extra, General, and Technician" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1D03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.9(b)]", - "question": "On which of the following band segments may you operate if you are a Technician class operator and have an unexpired Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) for General class privileges?", - "answers": [ - "Only the Technician band segments until your upgrade is posted in the FCC database", - "Only on the Technician band segments until you have a receipt for the FCC application fee payment", - "On any General or Technician class band segment", - "On any General or Technician class band segment except 30 meters and 60 meters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1D04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.509(3)(i)(c)]", - "question": "Who must observe the administration of a Technician class license examination?", - "answers": [ - "At least three Volunteer Examiners of General class or higher", - "At least two Volunteer Examiners of General class or higher", - "At least two Volunteer Examiners of Technician class or higher", - "At least three Volunteer Examiners of Technician class" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1D05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.7]", - "question": "When operating a US station by remote control from outside the country, what license is required of the control operator?", - "answers": [ - "A US operator/primary station license", - "Only an appropriate US operator/primary license and a special remote station permit from the FCC", - "Only a license from the foreign country, as long as the call sign includes identification of portable operation in the US", - "A license from the foreign country and a special remote station permit from the FCC" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1D06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.119(f)(2)]", - "question": "Until an upgrade to General class is shown in the FCC database, when must a Technician licensee identify with “AG” after their call sign?", - "answers": [ - "Whenever they operate using General class frequency privileges", - "Whenever they operate on any amateur frequency", - "Whenever they operate using Technician frequency privileges", - "A special identifier is not required if their General class license application has been filed with the FCC" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1D07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.509(b)(1)]", - "question": "Volunteer Examiners are accredited by what organization?", - "answers": [ - "The Federal Communications Commission", - "The Universal Licensing System", - "A Volunteer Examiner Coordinator", - "The Wireless Telecommunications Bureau" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1D08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.509(b)(3)]", - "question": "Which of the following criteria must be met for a non-US citizen to be an accredited Volunteer Examiner?", - "answers": [ - "The person must be a resident of the US for a minimum of 5 years", - "The person must hold an FCC granted amateur radio license of General class or above", - "The person’s home citizenship must be in ITU region 2", - "None of these choices is correct; a non-US citizen cannot be a Volunteer Examiner" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1D09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.9(b)]", - "question": "How long is a Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) valid for exam element credit?", - "answers": [ - "30 days", - "180 days", - "365 days", - "For as long as your current license is valid" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1D10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.509(b)(2)]", - "question": "What is the minimum age that one must be to qualify as an accredited Volunteer Examiner?", - "answers": [ - "16 years", - "18 years", - "21 years", - "There is no age limit" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1D11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.505]", - "question": "What action is required to obtain a new General class license after a previously held license has expired and the two-year grace period has passed?", - "answers": [ - "They must have a letter from the FCC showing they once held an amateur or commercial license", - "There are no requirements other than being able to show a copy of the expired license", - "Contact the FCC to have the license reinstated", - "The applicant must show proof of the appropriate expired license grant and pass the current Element 2 exam" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1D12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.507]", - "question": "When operating a station in South America by remote control over the internet from the US, what regulations apply?", - "answers": [ - "Those of both the remote station’s country and the FCC", - "Those of the remote station’s country and the FCC’s third-party regulations", - "Only those of the remote station’s country", - "Only those of the FCC" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1E01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.115(b)(2)]", - "question": "Which of the following would disqualify a third party from participating in sending a message via an amateur station?", - "answers": [ - "The third party’s amateur license has been revoked and not reinstated", - "The third party is not a US citizen", - "The third party is speaking in a language other than English", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1E02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.205(b)]", - "question": "When may a 10-meter repeater retransmit the 2-meter signal from a station that has a Technician class control operator?", - "answers": [ - "Under no circumstances", - "Only if the station on 10-meters is operating under a Special Temporary Authorization allowing such retransmission", - "Only during an FCC-declared general state of communications emergency", - "Only if the 10-meter repeater control operator holds at least a General class license" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1E03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.221]", - "question": "What is required to conduct communications with a digital station operating under automatic control outside the automatic control band segments?", - "answers": [ - "The station initiating the contact must be under local or remote control", - "The interrogating transmission must be made by another automatically controlled station", - "No third-party traffic may be transmitted", - "The control operator of the interrogating station must hold an Amateur Extra class license" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1E04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.13(b), 97.303, 97.311(b)]", - "question": "Which of the following conditions require a licensed amateur radio operator to take specific steps to avoid harmful interference to other users or facilities?", - "answers": [ - "When operating within one mile of an FCC Monitoring Station", - "When using a band where the Amateur Service is secondary", - "When a station is transmitting spread spectrum emissions", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1E05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.115(a)(2), 97.117]", - "question": "What are the restrictions on messages sent to a third party in a country with which there is a Third-Party Agreement?", - "answers": [ - "They must relate to emergencies or disaster relief", - "They must be for other licensed amateurs", - "They must relate to amateur radio, or remarks of a personal character, or messages relating to emergencies or disaster relief", - "The message must be limited to no longer than 1 minute in duration and the name of the third party must be recorded in the station log" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1E06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.301, ITU Radio Regulations]", - "question": "The frequency allocations of which ITU region apply to radio amateurs operating in North and South America?", - "answers": [ - "Region 4", - "Region 3", - "Region 2", - "Region 1" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1E07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.111]", - "question": "In what part of the 2.4 GHz band may an amateur station communicate with non-licensed Wi-Fi stations?", - "answers": [ - "Anywhere in the band", - "Channels 1 through 4", - "Channels 42 through 45", - "No part" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1E08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.313(j)]", - "question": "What is the maximum PEP output allowed for spread spectrum transmissions?", - "answers": [ - "100 milliwatts", - "10 watts", - "100 watts", - "1500 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1E09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.115]", - "question": "Under what circumstances are messages that are sent via digital modes exempt from Part 97 third-party rules that apply to other modes of communication?", - "answers": [ - "Under no circumstances", - "When messages are encrypted", - "When messages are not encrypted", - "When under automatic control" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1E10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.101]", - "question": "Why should an amateur operator normally avoid transmitting on 14.100, 18.110, 21.150, 24.930 and 28.200 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "A system of propagation beacon stations operates on those frequencies", - "A system of automatic digital stations operates on those frequencies ", - "These frequencies are set aside for emergency operations", - "These frequencies are set aside for bulletins from the FCC" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1E11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.221, 97.305]", - "question": "On what bands may automatically controlled stations transmitting RTTY or data emissions communicate with other automatically controlled digital stations?", - "answers": [ - "On any band segment where digital operation is permitted", - "Anywhere in the non-phone segments of the 10-meter or shorter wavelength bands", - "Only in the non-phone Extra Class segments of the bands", - "Anywhere in the 6-meter or shorter wavelength bands, and in limited segments of some of the HF bands" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G1E12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.115]", - "question": "When may third-party messages be transmitted via remote control?", - "answers": [ - "Under any circumstances in which third party messages are permitted by FCC rules", - "Under no circumstances except for emergencies", - "Only when the message is intended for licensed radio amateurs", - "Only when the message is intended for third parties in areas where licensing is controlled by the FCC" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2A01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which mode is most commonly used for voice communications on frequencies of 14 MHz or higher?", - "answers": [ - "Upper sideband", - "Lower sideband", - "Suppressed sideband", - "Double sideband" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2A02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which mode is most commonly used for voice communications on the 160-, 75-, and 40-meter bands?", - "answers": [ - "Upper sideband", - "Lower sideband", - "Suppressed sideband", - "Double sideband" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2A03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which mode is most commonly used for SSB voice communications in the VHF and UHF bands?", - "answers": [ - "Upper sideband", - "Lower sideband", - "Suppressed sideband", - "Double sideband" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2A04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which mode is most commonly used for voice communications on the 17- and 12-meter bands?", - "answers": [ - "Upper sideband", - "Lower sideband", - "Suppressed sideband", - "Double sideband" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2A05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which mode of voice communication is most commonly used on the HF amateur bands?", - "answers": [ - "Frequency modulation", - "Double sideband", - "Single sideband", - "Single phase modulation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2A06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is an advantage of using single sideband, as compared to other analog voice modes on the HF amateur bands?", - "answers": [ - "Very high-fidelity voice modulation", - "Less subject to interference from atmospheric static crashes", - "Ease of tuning on receive and immunity to impulse noise", - "Less bandwidth used and greater power efficiency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2A07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following statements is true of single sideband (SSB)?", - "answers": [ - "Only one sideband and the carrier are transmitted; the other sideband is suppressed", - "Only one sideband is transmitted; the other sideband and carrier are suppressed", - "SSB is the only voice mode authorized on the 20-, 15-, and 10-meter amateur bands", - "SSB is the only voice mode authorized on the 160-, 75-, and 40-meter amateur bands" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2A08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the recommended way to break into a phone contact?", - "answers": [ - "Say “QRZ” several times, followed by your call sign", - "Say your call sign once", - "Say “Breaker Breaker”", - "Say “CQ” followed by the call sign of either station" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2A09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why do most amateur stations use lower sideband on the 160-, 75-, and 40-meter bands?", - "answers": [ - "Lower sideband is more efficient than upper sideband at these frequencies", - "Lower sideband is the only sideband legal on these frequency bands", - "Because it is fully compatible with an AM detector", - "It is commonly accepted amateur practice" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2A10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following statements is true of VOX operation versus PTT operation?", - "answers": [ - "The received signal is more natural sounding", - "It allows “hands free” operation", - "It occupies less bandwidth", - "It provides more power output" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2A11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Generally, who should respond to a station in the contiguous 48 states calling “CQ DX”?", - "answers": [ - "Any caller is welcome to respond", - "Only stations in Germany", - "Any stations outside the lower 48 states", - "Only contest stations" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2A12", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What control is typically adjusted for proper ALC setting on a single sideband transceiver?", - "answers": [ - "RF clipping level", - "Transmit audio or microphone gain", - "Antenna inductance or capacitance", - "Attenuator level" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2B01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.101(b), (c)]", - "question": "Which of the following is true concerning access to frequencies?", - "answers": [ - "Nets have priority", - "QSOs in progress have priority", - "Except during emergencies, no amateur station has priority access to any frequency", - "Contest operations should yield to non-contest use of frequencies" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2B02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the first thing you should do if you are communicating with another amateur station and hear a station in distress break in?", - "answers": [ - "Inform your local emergency coordinator", - "Acknowledge the station in distress and determine what assistance may be needed", - "Immediately decrease power to avoid interfering with the station in distress", - "Immediately cease all transmissions" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2B03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is good amateur practice if propagation changes during a contact creating interference from other stations using the frequency?", - "answers": [ - "Advise the interfering stations that you are on the frequency and that you have priority", - "Decrease power and continue to transmit", - "Attempt to resolve the interference problem with the other stations in a mutually acceptable manner", - "Switch to the opposite sideband" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2B04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "When selecting a CW transmitting frequency, what minimum separation from other stations should be used to minimize interference to stations on adjacent frequencies?", - "answers": [ - "5 Hz to 50 Hz", - "150 Hz to 500 Hz", - "1 kHz to 3 kHz", - "3 kHz to 6 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2B05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "When selecting an SSB transmitting frequency, what minimum separation should be used to minimize interference to stations on adjacent frequencies?", - "answers": [ - "5 Hz to 50 Hz", - "150 Hz to 500 Hz", - "2 kHz to 3 kHz", - "Approximately 6 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2B06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How can you avoid harmful interference on an apparently clear frequency before calling CQ on CW or phone?", - "answers": [ - "Send “QRL?” on CW, followed by your call sign; or, if using phone, ask if the frequency is in use, followed by your call sign", - "Listen for 2 minutes before calling CQ", - "Send the letter “V” in Morse code several times and listen for a response, or say “test” several times and listen for a response", - "Send “QSY” on CW or if using phone, announce “the frequency is in use,” then give your call sign and listen for a response" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2B07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following complies with commonly accepted amateur practice when choosing a frequency on which to initiate a call?", - "answers": [ - "Listen on the frequency for at least two minutes to be sure it is clear", - "Identify your station by transmitting your call sign at least 3 times", - "Follow the voluntary band plan", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2B08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the voluntary band plan restriction for US stations transmitting within the 48 contiguous states in the 50.1 MHz to 50.125 MHz band segment?", - "answers": [ - "Only contacts with stations not within the 48 contiguous states", - "Only contacts with other stations within the 48 contiguous states", - "Only digital contacts", - "Only SSTV contacts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2B09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.407(a)]", - "question": "Who may be the control operator of an amateur station transmitting in RACES to assist relief operations during a disaster?", - "answers": [ - "Only a person holding an FCC-issued amateur operator license", - "Only a RACES net control operator", - "A person holding an FCC-issued amateur operator license or an appropriate government official", - "Any control operator when normal communication systems are operational" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2B10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is good amateur practice for net management?", - "answers": [ - "Always use multiple sets of phonetics during check-in", - "Have a backup frequency in case of interference or poor conditions", - "Transmit the full net roster at the beginning of every session", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2B11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.407(d)(4)]", - "question": "How often may RACES training drills and tests be routinely conducted without special authorization?", - "answers": [ - "No more than 1 hour per month", - "No more than 2 hours per month", - "No more than 1 hour per week", - "No more than 2 hours per week" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2C01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes full break-in CW operation (QSK)?", - "answers": [ - "Breaking stations send the Morse code prosign “BK”", - "Automatic keyers, instead of hand keys, are used to send Morse code", - "An operator must activate a manual send/receive switch before and after every transmission", - "Transmitting stations can receive between code characters and elements" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2C02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What should you do if a CW station sends “QRS?”", - "answers": [ - "Send slower", - "Change frequency", - "Increase your power", - "Repeat everything twice" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2C03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does it mean when a CW operator sends “KN” at the end of a transmission?", - "answers": [ - "No US stations should call", - "Operating full break-in", - "Listening only for a specific station or stations", - "Closing station now" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2C04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the Q signal “QRL?” mean?", - "answers": [ - "“Will you keep the frequency clear?”", - "“Are you operating full break-in?” or “Can you operate full break-in?”", - "“Are you listening only for a specific station?”", - "“Are you busy?” or “Is this frequency in use?”" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2C05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the best speed to use when answering a CQ in Morse code?", - "answers": [ - "The fastest speed at which you are comfortable copying, but no slower than the CQ", - "The fastest speed at which you are comfortable copying, but no faster than the CQ", - "At the standard calling speed of 10 wpm", - "At the standard calling speed of 5 wpm" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2C06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the term “zero beat” mean in CW operation?", - "answers": [ - "Matching the speed of the transmitting station", - "Operating split to avoid interference on frequency", - "Sending without error", - "Matching the transmit frequency to the frequency of a received signal" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2C07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "When sending CW, what does a “C” mean when added to the RST report?", - "answers": [ - "Chirpy or unstable signal", - "Report was read from an S meter rather than estimated", - "100 percent copy", - "Key clicks" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2C08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What prosign is sent to indicate the end of a formal message when using CW?", - "answers": [ - "SK", - "BK", - "AR", - "KN" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2C09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the Q signal “QSL” mean?", - "answers": [ - "Send slower", - "We have already confirmed the contact", - "I have received and understood", - "We have worked before" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2C10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the Q signal “QRN” mean?", - "answers": [ - "Send more slowly", - "Stop sending", - "Zero beat my signal", - "I am troubled by static" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2C11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the Q signal “QRV” mean?", - "answers": [ - "You are sending too fast", - "There is interference on the frequency", - "I am quitting for the day", - "I am ready to receive" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2D01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the Volunteer Monitor Program?", - "answers": [ - "Amateur volunteers who are formally enlisted to monitor the airwaves for rules violations", - "Amateur volunteers who conduct amateur licensing examinations", - "Amateur volunteers who conduct frequency coordination for amateur VHF repeaters", - "Amateur volunteers who use their station equipment to help civil defense organizations in times of emergency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2D02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following are objectives of the Volunteer Monitor Program?", - "answers": [ - "To conduct efficient and orderly amateur licensing examinations", - "To provide emergency and public safety communications", - "To coordinate repeaters for efficient and orderly spectrum usage", - "To encourage amateur radio operators to self-regulate and comply with the rules" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2D03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What procedure may be used by Volunteer Monitors to localize a station whose continuous carrier is holding a repeater on in their area?", - "answers": [ - "Compare vertical and horizontal signal strengths on the input frequency", - "Compare beam headings on the repeater input from their home locations with that of other Volunteer Monitors", - "Compare signal strengths between the input and output of the repeater", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2D04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes an azimuthal projection map?", - "answers": [ - "A map that shows accurate land masses", - "A map that shows true bearings and distances from a specific location", - "A map that shows the angle at which an amateur satellite crosses the equator", - "A map that shows the number of degrees longitude that an amateur satellite appears to move westward at the equator with each orbit" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2D05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following indicates that you are looking for an HF contact with any station?", - "answers": [ - "Sign your call sign once, followed by the words “listening for a call” -- if no answer, change frequency and repeat", - "Say “QTC” followed by “this is” and your call sign -- if no answer, change frequency and repeat", - "Repeat “CQ” a few times, followed by “this is,” then your call sign a few times, then pause to listen, repeat as necessary", - "Transmit an unmodulated carried for approximately 10 seconds, followed by “this is” and your call sign, and pause to listen -- repeat as necessary" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2D06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is a directional antenna pointed when making a “long-path” contact with another station?", - "answers": [ - "Toward the rising sun", - "Along the gray line", - "180 degrees from the station’s short-path heading", - "Toward the north" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2D07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following are examples of the NATO Phonetic Alphabet?", - "answers": [ - "Able, Baker, Charlie, Dog", - "Adam, Boy, Charles, David", - "America, Boston, Canada, Denmark", - "Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2D08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why do many amateurs keep a station log?", - "answers": [ - "The FCC requires a log of all international contacts", - "The FCC requires a log of all international third-party traffic", - "The log provides evidence of operation needed to renew a license without retest", - "To help with a reply if the FCC requests information about your station" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2D09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is required when participating in a contest on HF frequencies?", - "answers": [ - "Submit a log to the contest sponsor", - "Send a QSL card to the stations worked, or QSL via Logbook of The World", - "Identify your station according to normal FCC regulations", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2D10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is QRP operation?", - "answers": [ - "Remote piloted model control", - "Low-power transmit operation", - "Transmission using Quick Response Protocol", - "Traffic relay procedure net operation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2D11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why are signal reports typically exchanged at the beginning of an HF contact?", - "answers": [ - "To allow each station to operate according to conditions", - "To be sure the contact will count for award programs", - "To follow standard radiogram structure", - "To allow each station to calibrate their frequency display" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2E01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which mode is normally used when sending RTTY signals via AFSK with an SSB transmitter?", - "answers": [ - "USB", - "DSB", - "CW", - "LSB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2E02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is VARA?", - "answers": [ - "A low signal-to-noise digital mode used for EME (moonbounce)", - "A digital protocol used with Winlink", - "A radio direction finding system used on VHF and UHF", - "DX spotting system using a network of software defined radios" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2E03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What symptoms may result from other signals interfering with a PACTOR or VARA transmission?", - "answers": [ - "Frequent retries or timeouts", - "Long pauses in message transmission", - "Failure to establish a connection between stations", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2E04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is good practice when choosing a transmitting frequency to answer a station calling CQ using FT8?", - "answers": [ - "Always call on the station’s frequency", - "Call on any frequency in the waterfall except the station’s frequency", - "Find a clear frequency during the same time slot as the calling station", - "Find a clear frequency during the alternate time slot to the calling station" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2E05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the standard sideband for JT65, JT9, FT4, or FT8 digital signal when using AFSK?", - "answers": [ - "LSB", - "USB", - "DSB", - "SSB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2E06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the most common frequency shift for RTTY emissions in the amateur HF bands?", - "answers": [ - "85 Hz", - "170 Hz", - "425 Hz", - "850 Hz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2E07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is required when using FT8?", - "answers": [ - "A special hardware modem", - "Computer time accurate to within approximately 1 second", - "Receiver attenuator set to -12 dB", - "A vertically polarized antenna" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2E08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "In what segment of the 20-meter band are most digital mode operations commonly found?", - "answers": [ - "At the bottom of the slow-scan TV segment, near 14.230 MHz", - "At the top of the SSB phone segment, near 14.325 MHz", - "In the middle of the CW segment, near 14.100 MHz", - "Between 14.070 MHz and 14.100 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2E09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How do you join a contact between two stations using the PACTOR protocol?", - "answers": [ - "Send broadcast packets containing your call sign while in MONITOR mode", - "Transmit a steady carrier until the PACTOR protocol times out and disconnects", - "Joining an existing contact is not possible, PACTOR connections are limited to two stations", - "Send a NAK code" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2E10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a way to establish contact with a digital messaging system gateway station?", - "answers": [ - "Send an email to the system control operator", - "Send QRL in Morse code", - "Respond when the station broadcasts its SSID", - "Transmit a connect message on the station’s published frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2E11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the primary purpose of an Amateur Radio Emergency Data Network (AREDN) mesh network?", - "answers": [ - "To provide FM repeater coverage in remote areas", - "To provide real time propagation data by monitoring amateur radio transmissions worldwide", - "To provide high-speed data services during an emergency or community event", - "To provide DX spotting reports to aid contesters and DXers" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2E12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes Winlink?", - "answers": [ - "An amateur radio wireless network to send and receive email on the internet", - "A form of Packet Radio", - "A wireless network capable of both VHF and HF band operation", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2E13", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is another name for a Winlink Remote Message Server?", - "answers": [ - "Terminal Node Controller", - "Gateway", - "RJ-45", - "Printer/Server" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2E14", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What could be wrong if you cannot decode an RTTY or other FSK signal even though it is apparently tuned in properly?", - "answers": [ - "The mark and space frequencies may be reversed", - "You may have selected the wrong baud rate", - "You may be listening on the wrong sideband", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G2E15", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a common location for FT8?", - "answers": [ - "Anywhere in the voice portion of the band", - "Anywhere in the CW portion of the band", - "Approximately 14.074 MHz to 14.077 MHz", - "Approximately 14.110 MHz to 14.113 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3A01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does a higher sunspot number affect HF propagation?", - "answers": [ - "Higher sunspot numbers generally indicate a greater probability of good propagation at higher frequencies", - "Lower sunspot numbers generally indicate greater probability of sporadic E propagation", - "A zero sunspot number indicates that radio propagation is not possible on any band", - "A zero sunspot number indicates undisturbed conditions" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3A02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What effect does a sudden ionospheric disturbance have on the daytime ionospheric propagation?", - "answers": [ - "It enhances propagation on all HF frequencies", - "It disrupts signals on lower frequencies more than those on higher frequencies", - "It disrupts communications via satellite more than direct communications", - "None, because only areas on the night side of the Earth are affected" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3A03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Approximately how long does it take the increased ultraviolet and X-ray radiation from a solar flare to affect radio propagation on Earth?", - "answers": [ - "28 days", - "1 to 2 hours", - "8 minutes", - "20 to 40 hours" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3A04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following are the least reliable bands for long-distance communications during periods of low solar activity?", - "answers": [ - "80 meters and 160 meters", - "60 meters and 40 meters", - "30 meters and 20 meters", - "15 meters, 12 meters, and 10 meters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3A05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the solar flux index?", - "answers": [ - "A measure of the highest frequency that is useful for ionospheric propagation between two points on Earth", - "A count of sunspots that is adjusted for solar emissions", - "Another name for the American sunspot number", - "A measure of solar radiation with a wavelength of 10.7 centimeters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3A06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a geomagnetic storm?", - "answers": [ - "A sudden drop in the solar flux index", - "A thunderstorm that affects radio propagation", - "Ripples in the geomagnetic force", - "A temporary disturbance in Earth’s geomagnetic field" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3A07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "At what point in the solar cycle does the 20-meter band usually support worldwide propagation during daylight hours?", - "answers": [ - "At the summer solstice", - "Only at the maximum point", - "Only at the minimum point", - "At any point" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3A08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How can a geomagnetic storm affect HF propagation?", - "answers": [ - "Improve high-latitude HF propagation", - "Degrade ground wave propagation", - "Improve ground wave propagation", - "Degrade high-latitude HF propagation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3A09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How can high geomagnetic activity benefit radio communications?", - "answers": [ - "Creates auroras that can reflect VHF signals", - "Increases signal strength for HF signals passing through the polar regions", - "Improve HF long path propagation", - "Reduce long delayed echoes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3A10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What causes HF propagation conditions to vary periodically in a 26- to 28-day cycle?", - "answers": [ - "Long term oscillations in the upper atmosphere", - "Cyclic variation in Earth’s radiation belts", - "Rotation of the Sun’s surface layers around its axis", - "The position of the Moon in its orbit" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3A11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How long does it take a coronal mass ejection to affect radio propagation on Earth?", - "answers": [ - "28 days", - "14 days", - "4 to 8 minutes", - "15 hours to several days" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3A12", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the K-index measure?", - "answers": [ - "The relative position of sunspots on the surface of the Sun", - "The short-term stability of Earth’s geomagnetic field", - "The short-term stability of the Sun’s magnetic field", - "The solar radio flux at Boulder, Colorado" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3A13", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the A-index measure?", - "answers": [ - "The relative position of sunspots on the surface of the Sun", - "The amount of polarization of the Sun’s electric field", - "The long-term stability of Earth’s geomagnetic field", - "The solar radio flux at Boulder, Colorado" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3A14", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is long distance radio communication usually affected by the charged particles that reach Earth from solar coronal holes?", - "answers": [ - "HF communication is improved", - "HF communication is disturbed", - "VHF/UHF ducting is improved", - "VHF/UHF ducting is disturbed" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3B01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a characteristic of skywave signals arriving at your location by both short-path and long-path propagation?", - "answers": [ - "Periodic fading approximately every 10 seconds", - "Signal strength increased by 3 dB", - "The signal might be cancelled causing severe attenuation", - "A slightly delayed echo might be heard" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3B02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What factors affect the MUF?", - "answers": [ - "Path distance and location", - "Time of day and season", - "Solar radiation and ionospheric disturbances", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3B03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which frequency will have the least attenuation for long-distance skip propagation?", - "answers": [ - "Just below the MUF", - "Just above the LUF", - "Just below the critical frequency", - "Just above the critical frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3B04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a way to determine current propagation on a desired band from your station?", - "answers": [ - "Use a network of automated receiving stations on the internet to see where your transmissions are being received", - "Check the A-index", - "Send a series of dots and listen for echoes", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3B05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does the ionosphere affect radio waves with frequencies below the MUF and above the LUF?", - "answers": [ - "They are refracted back to Earth", - "They pass through the ionosphere", - "They are amplified by interaction with the ionosphere", - "They are refracted and trapped in the ionosphere to circle Earth" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3B06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What usually happens to radio waves with frequencies below the LUF?", - "answers": [ - "They are refracted back to Earth", - "They pass through the ionosphere", - "They are attenuated before reaching the destination", - "They are refracted and trapped in the ionosphere to circle Earth" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3B07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does LUF stand for?", - "answers": [ - "The Lowest Usable Frequency for communications between two specific points", - "The Lowest Usable Frequency for communications to any point outside a 100-mile radius", - "The Lowest Usable Frequency during a 24-hour period", - "The Lowest Usable Frequency during the past 60 minutes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3B08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does MUF stand for?", - "answers": [ - "The Minimum Usable Frequency for communications between two points", - "The Maximum Usable Frequency for communications between two points", - "The Minimum Usable Frequency during a 24-hour period", - "The Maximum Usable Frequency during a 24-hour period" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3B09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate maximum distance along the Earth’s surface normally covered in one hop using the F2 region?", - "answers": [ - "180 miles", - "1,200 miles", - "2,500 miles", - "12,000 miles" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3B10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate maximum distance along the Earth’s surface normally covered in one hop using the E region?", - "answers": [ - "180 miles", - "1,200 miles", - "2,500 miles", - "12,000 miles" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3B11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What happens to HF propagation when the LUF exceeds the MUF?", - "answers": [ - "Propagation via ordinary skywave communications is not possible over that path", - "HF communications over the path are enhanced", - "Double-hop propagation along the path is more common", - "Propagation over the path on all HF frequencies is enhanced" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3B12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is typical of the lower HF frequencies during the summer?", - "answers": [ - "Poor propagation at any time of day", - "World-wide propagation during daylight hours", - "Heavy distortion on signals due to photon absorption", - "High levels of atmospheric noise or static" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3C01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which ionospheric region is closest to the surface of Earth?", - "answers": [ - "The D region", - "The E region", - "The F1 region", - "The F2 region" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3C02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is meant by the term “critical frequency” at a given incidence angle?", - "answers": [ - "The highest frequency which is refracted back to Earth", - "The lowest frequency which is refracted back to Earth", - "The frequency at which the signal-to-noise ratio approaches unity", - "The frequency at which the signal-to-noise ratio is 6 dB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3C03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why is skip propagation via the F2 region longer than that via the other ionospheric regions?", - "answers": [ - "Because it is the densest", - "Because of the Doppler effect", - "Because it is the highest", - "Because of temperature inversions" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3C04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the term “critical angle” mean, as applied to radio wave propagation?", - "answers": [ - "The long path azimuth of a distant station", - "The short path azimuth of a distant station", - "The lowest takeoff angle that will return a radio wave to Earth under specific ionospheric conditions", - "The highest takeoff angle that will return a radio wave to Earth under specific ionospheric conditions" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3C05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why is long-distance communication on the 40-, 60-, 80-, and 160-meter bands more difficult during the day?", - "answers": [ - "The F region absorbs signals at these frequencies during daylight hours", - "The F region is unstable during daylight hours", - "The D region absorbs signals at these frequencies during daylight hours", - "The E region is unstable during daylight hours" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3C06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a characteristic of HF scatter?", - "answers": [ - "Phone signals have high intelligibility", - "Signals have a fluttering sound", - "There are very large, sudden swings in signal strength", - "Scatter propagation occurs only at night" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3C07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What makes HF scatter signals often sound distorted?", - "answers": [ - "The ionospheric region involved is unstable", - "Ground waves are absorbing much of the signal", - "The E region is not present", - "Energy is scattered into the skip zone through several different paths" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3C08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why are HF scatter signals in the skip zone usually weak?", - "answers": [ - "Only a small part of the signal energy is scattered into the skip zone", - "Signals are scattered from the magnetosphere, which is not a good reflector", - "Propagation is via ground waves, which absorb most of the signal energy", - "Propagation is via ducts in the F region, which absorb most of the energy" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3C09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of propagation allows signals to be heard in the transmitting station’s skip zone?", - "answers": [ - "Faraday rotation", - "Scatter", - "Chordal hop", - "Short-path" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3C10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) propagation?", - "answers": [ - "Propagation near the MUF", - "Short distance MF or HF propagation at high elevation angles", - "Long path HF propagation at sunrise and sunset", - "Double hop propagation near the LUF" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G3C11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which ionospheric region is the most absorbent of signals below 10 MHz during daylight hours?", - "answers": [ - "The F2 region", - "The F1 region", - "The E region", - "The D region" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4A01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of the notch filter found on many HF transceivers?", - "answers": [ - "To restrict the transmitter voice bandwidth", - "To reduce interference from carriers in the receiver passband", - "To eliminate receiver interference from impulse noise sources", - "To remove interfering splatter generated by signals on adjacent frequencies" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4A02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the benefit of using the opposite or “reverse” sideband when receiving CW?", - "answers": [ - "Interference from impulse noise will be eliminated", - "More stations can be accommodated within a given signal passband", - "It may be possible to reduce or eliminate interference from other signals", - "Accidental out-of-band operation can be prevented" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4A03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does a noise blanker work?", - "answers": [ - "By temporarily increasing received bandwidth", - "By redirecting noise pulses into a filter capacitor", - "By reducing receiver gain during a noise pulse", - "By clipping noise peaks" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4A04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the effect on plate current of the correct setting of a vacuum-tube RF power amplifier’s TUNE control?", - "answers": [ - "A pronounced peak", - "A pronounced dip", - "No change will be observed", - "A slow, rhythmic oscillation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4A05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why is automatic level control (ALC) used with an RF power amplifier?", - "answers": [ - "To balance the transmitter audio frequency response", - "To reduce harmonic radiation", - "To prevent excessive drive", - "To increase overall efficiency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4A06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of an antenna tuner?", - "answers": [ - "Reduce the SWR in the feed line to the antenna", - "Reduce the power dissipation in the feedline to the antenna", - "Increase power transfer from the transmitter to the feed line", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4A07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What happens as a receiver’s noise reduction control level is increased?", - "answers": [ - "Received signals may become distorted", - "Received frequency may become unstable", - "CW signals may become severely attenuated", - "Received frequency may shift several kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4A08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the correct adjustment for the LOAD or COUPLING control of a vacuum tube RF power amplifier?", - "answers": [ - "Minimum SWR on the antenna", - "Minimum plate current without exceeding maximum allowable grid current", - "Highest plate voltage while minimizing grid current", - "Desired power output without exceeding maximum allowable plate current" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4A09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of delaying RF output after activating a transmitter’s keying line to an external amplifier?", - "answers": [ - "To prevent key clicks on CW", - "To prevent transient overmodulation", - "To allow time for the amplifier to switch the antenna between the transceiver and the amplifier output", - "To allow time for the amplifier power supply to reach operating level" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4A10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the function of an electronic keyer?", - "answers": [ - "Automatic transmit/receive switching", - "Automatic generation of dots and dashes for CW operation", - "To allow time for switching the antenna from the receiver to the transmitter", - "Computer interface for PSK and RTTY operation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4A11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why should the ALC system be inactive when transmitting AFSK data signals?", - "answers": [ - "ALC will invert the modulation of the AFSK mode", - "The ALC action distorts the signal", - "When using digital modes, too much ALC activity can cause the transmitter to overheat", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4A12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a common use of the dual-VFO feature on a transceiver?", - "answers": [ - "To allow transmitting on two frequencies at once", - "To permit full duplex operation -- that is, transmitting and receiving at the same time", - "To transmit on one frequency and listen on another", - "To improve frequency accuracy by allowing variable frequency output (VFO) operation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4A13", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of using a receive attenuator?", - "answers": [ - "To prevent receiver overload from strong incoming signals", - "To reduce the transmitter power when driving a linear amplifier", - "To reduce power consumption when operating from batteries", - "To reduce excessive audio level on strong signals" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4B01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What item of test equipment contains horizontal and vertical channel amplifiers?", - "answers": [ - "An ohmmeter", - "A signal generator", - "An ammeter", - "An oscilloscope" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4B02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is an advantage of an oscilloscope versus a digital voltmeter?", - "answers": [ - "An oscilloscope uses less power", - "Complex impedances can be easily measured", - "Greater precision", - "Complex waveforms can be measured" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4B03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is the best instrument to use for checking the keying waveform of a CW transmitter?", - "answers": [ - "An oscilloscope", - "A field strength meter", - "A sidetone monitor", - "A wavemeter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4B04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What signal source is connected to the vertical input of an oscilloscope when checking the RF envelope pattern of a transmitted signal?", - "answers": [ - "The local oscillator of the transmitter", - "An external RF oscillator", - "The transmitter balanced mixer output", - "The attenuated RF output of the transmitter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4B05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why do voltmeters have high input impedance?", - "answers": [ - "It improves the frequency response", - "It allows for higher voltages to be safely measured", - "It improves the resolution of the readings", - "It decreases the loading on circuits being measured" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4B06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an advantage of a digital multimeter as compared to an analog multimeter?", - "answers": [ - "Better for measuring computer circuits", - "Less prone to overload", - "Higher precision", - "Faster response" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4B07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What signals are used to conduct a two-tone test?", - "answers": [ - "Two audio signals of the same frequency shifted 90 degrees", - "Two non-harmonically related audio signals", - "Two swept frequency tones", - "Two audio frequency range square wave signals of equal amplitude" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4B08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What transmitter performance parameter does a two-tone test analyze?", - "answers": [ - "Linearity", - "Percentage of suppression of the carrier and undesired sideband for SSB", - "Percentage of frequency modulation", - "Percentage of carrier phase shift" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4B09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "When is an analog multimeter preferred to a digital multimeter?", - "answers": [ - "When testing logic circuits", - "When high precision is desired", - "When measuring the frequency of an oscillator", - "When adjusting circuits for maximum or minimum values" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4B10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can be determined with a directional wattmeter?", - "answers": [ - "Standing wave ratio", - "Antenna front-to-back ratio", - "RF interference", - "Radio wave propagation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4B11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following must be connected to an antenna analyzer when it is being used for SWR measurements?", - "answers": [ - "Receiver", - "Transmitter", - "Antenna and feed line", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4B12", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What effect can strong signals from nearby transmitters have on an antenna analyzer?", - "answers": [ - "Desensitization which can cause intermodulation products which interfere with impedance readings", - "Received power that interferes with SWR readings", - "Generation of harmonics which interfere with frequency readings", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4B13", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can be measured with an antenna analyzer?", - "answers": [ - "Front-to-back ratio of an antenna", - "Power output from a transmitter", - "Impedance of coaxial cable", - "Gain of a directional antenna" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4C01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following might be useful in reducing RF interference to audio frequency circuits?", - "answers": [ - "Bypass inductor", - "Bypass capacitor", - "Forward-biased diode", - "Reverse-biased diode" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4C02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following could be a cause of interference covering a wide range of frequencies?", - "answers": [ - "Not using a balun or line isolator to feed balanced antennas", - "Lack of rectification of the transmitter’s signal in power conductors", - "Arcing at a poor electrical connection", - "Using a balun to feed an unbalanced antenna" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4C03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What sound is heard from an audio device experiencing RF interference from a single sideband phone transmitter?", - "answers": [ - "A steady hum whenever the transmitter is on the air", - "On-and-off humming or clicking", - "Distorted speech", - "Clearly audible speech" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4C04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What sound is heard from an audio device experiencing RF interference from a CW transmitter?", - "answers": [ - "On-and-off humming or clicking", - "A CW signal at a nearly pure audio frequency", - "A chirpy CW signal", - "Severely distorted audio" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4C05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a possible cause of high voltages that produce RF burns?", - "answers": [ - "Flat braid rather than round wire has been used for the ground wire", - "Insulated wire has been used for the ground wire", - "The ground rod is resonant", - "The ground wire has high impedance on that frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4C06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a possible effect of a resonant ground connection?", - "answers": [ - "Overheating of ground straps", - "Corrosion of the ground rod", - "High RF voltages on the enclosures of station equipment", - "A ground loop" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4C07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why should soldered joints not be used in lightning protection ground connections?", - "answers": [ - "A soldered joint will likely be destroyed by the heat of a lightning strike", - "Solder flux will prevent a low conductivity connection", - "Solder has too high a dielectric constant to provide adequate lightning protection", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4C08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following would reduce RF interference caused by common-mode current on an audio cable?", - "answers": [ - "Place a ferrite choke on the cable", - "Connect the center conductor to the shield of all cables to short circuit the RFI signal", - "Ground the center conductor of the audio cable causing the interference", - "Add an additional insulating jacket to the cable" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4C09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How can the effects of ground loops be minimized?", - "answers": [ - "Connect all ground conductors in series", - "Connect the AC neutral conductor to the ground wire", - "Avoid using lock washers and star washers when making ground connections", - "Bond equipment enclosures together" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4C10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What could be a symptom caused by a ground loop in your station’s audio connections?", - "answers": [ - "You receive reports of “hum” on your station’s transmitted signal", - "The SWR reading for one or more antennas is suddenly very high", - "An item of station equipment starts to draw excessive amounts of current", - "You receive reports of harmonic interference from your station" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4C11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What technique helps to minimize RF “hot spots” in an amateur station?", - "answers": [ - "Building all equipment in a metal enclosure", - "Using surge suppressor power outlets", - "Bonding all equipment enclosures together", - "Placing low-pass filters on all feed lines" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4C12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why must all metal enclosures of station equipment be grounded?", - "answers": [ - "It prevents a blown fuse in the event of an internal short circuit", - "It prevents signal overload", - "It ensures that the neutral wire is grounded", - "It ensures that hazardous voltages cannot appear on the chassis" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4D01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of a speech processor in a transceiver?", - "answers": [ - "Increase the apparent loudness of transmitted voice signals", - "Increase transmitter bass response for more natural-sounding SSB signals", - "Prevent distortion of voice signals", - "Decrease high-frequency voice output to prevent out-of-band operation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4D02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does a speech processor affect a single sideband phone signal?", - "answers": [ - "It increases peak power", - "It increases average power", - "It reduces harmonic distortion", - "It reduces intermodulation distortion" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4D03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the effect of an incorrectly adjusted speech processor?", - "answers": [ - "Distorted speech", - "Excess intermodulation products", - "Excessive background noise", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4D04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does an S meter measure?", - "answers": [ - "Carrier suppression", - "Impedance", - "Received signal strength", - "Transmitter power output" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4D05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does a signal that reads 20 dB over S9 compare to one that reads S9 on a receiver, assuming a properly calibrated S meter?", - "answers": [ - "It is 10 times less powerful", - "It is 20 times less powerful", - "It is 20 times more powerful", - "It is 100 times more powerful" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4D06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How much change in signal strength is typically represented by one S unit?", - "answers": [ - "6 dB", - "12 dB", - "15 dB", - "18 dB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4D07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How much must the power output of a transmitter be raised to change the S meter reading on a distant receiver from S8 to S9?", - "answers": [ - "Approximately 1.5 times", - "Approximately 2 times", - "Approximately 4 times", - "Approximately 8 times" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4D08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What frequency range is occupied by a 3 kHz LSB signal when the displayed carrier frequency is set to 7.178 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "7.178 MHz to 7.181 MHz", - "7.178 MHz to 7.184 MHz", - "7.175 MHz to 7.178 MHz", - "7.1765 MHz to 7.1795 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4D09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What frequency range is occupied by a 3 kHz USB signal with the displayed carrier frequency set to 14.347 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "14.347 MHz to 14.647 MHz", - "14.347 MHz to 14.350 MHz", - "14.344 MHz to 14.347 MHz", - "14.3455 MHz to 14.3485 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4D10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How close to the lower edge of a band’s phone segment should your displayed carrier frequency be when using 3 kHz wide LSB?", - "answers": [ - "At least 3 kHz above the edge of the segment", - "At least 3 kHz below the edge of the segment", - "At least 1 kHz below the edge of the segment", - "At least 1 kHz above the edge of the segment" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4D11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How close to the upper edge of a band’s phone segment should your displayed carrier frequency be when using 3 kHz wide USB?", - "answers": [ - "At least 3 kHz above the edge of the band", - "At least 3 kHz below the edge of the band", - "At least 1 kHz above the edge of the segment", - "At least 1 kHz below the edge of the segment" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4E01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of a capacitance hat on a mobile antenna?", - "answers": [ - "To increase the power handling capacity of a whip antenna", - "To reduce radiation resistance", - "To electrically lengthen a physically short antenna", - "To lower the radiation angle" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4E02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of a corona ball on an HF mobile antenna?", - "answers": [ - "To narrow the operating bandwidth of the antenna", - "To increase the “Q” of the antenna", - "To reduce the chance of damage if the antenna should strike an object", - "To reduce RF voltage discharge from the tip of the antenna while transmitting" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4E03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following direct, fused power connections would be the best for a 100-watt HF mobile installation?", - "answers": [ - "To the battery using heavy-gauge wire", - "To the alternator or generator using heavy-gauge wire", - "To the battery using insulated heavy duty balanced transmission line", - "To the alternator or generator using insulated heavy duty balanced transmission line" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4E04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why should DC power for a 100-watt HF transceiver not be supplied by a vehicle’s auxiliary power socket?", - "answers": [ - "The socket is not wired with an RF-shielded power cable", - "The socket’s wiring may be inadequate for the current drawn by the transceiver", - "The DC polarity of the socket is reversed from the polarity of modern HF transceivers", - "Drawing more than 50 watts from this socket could cause the engine to overheat" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4E05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following most limits an HF mobile installation?", - "answers": [ - "“Picket fencing”", - "The wire gauge of the DC power line to the transceiver", - "Efficiency of the electrically short antenna", - "FCC rules limiting mobile output power on the 75-meter band" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4E06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is one disadvantage of using a shortened mobile antenna as opposed to a full-size antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Short antennas are more likely to cause distortion of transmitted signals", - "Q of the antenna will be very low", - "Operating bandwidth may be very limited", - "Harmonic radiation may increase" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4E07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following may cause receive interference to an HF transceiver installed in a vehicle?", - "answers": [ - "The battery charging system", - "The fuel delivery system", - "The control computers", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4E08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "In what configuration are the individual cells in a solar panel connected together?", - "answers": [ - "Series-parallel", - "Shunt", - "Bypass", - "Full-wave bridge" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4E09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate open-circuit voltage from a fully illuminated silicon photovoltaic cell?", - "answers": [ - "0.02 VDC", - "0.5 VDC", - "0.2 VDC", - "1.38 VDC" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4E10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why should a series diode be connected between a solar panel and a storage battery that is being charged by the panel?", - "answers": [ - "To prevent overload by regulating the charging voltage", - "To prevent discharge of the battery through the panel during times of low or no illumination", - "To limit the current flowing from the panel to a safe value", - "To prevent damage to the battery due to excessive voltage at high illumination levels" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G4E11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What precaution should be taken when connecting a solar panel to a lithium iron phosphate battery?", - "answers": [ - "Ground the solar panel outer metal framework", - "Ensure the battery is placed terminals-up", - "A series resistor must be in place", - "The solar panel must have a charge controller" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5A01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What happens when inductive and capacitive reactance are equal in a series LC circuit?", - "answers": [ - "Resonance causes impedance to be very high", - "Impedance is equal to the geometric mean of the inductance and capacitance", - "Resonance causes impedance to be very low", - "Impedance is equal to the arithmetic mean of the inductance and capacitance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5A02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is reactance?", - "answers": [ - "Opposition to the flow of direct current caused by resistance", - "Opposition to the flow of alternating current caused by capacitance or inductance", - "Reinforcement of the flow of direct current caused by resistance", - "Reinforcement of the flow of alternating current caused by capacitance or inductance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5A03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is opposition to the flow of alternating current in an inductor?", - "answers": [ - "Conductance", - "Reluctance", - "Admittance", - "Reactance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5A04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is opposition to the flow of alternating current in a capacitor?", - "answers": [ - "Conductance", - "Reluctance", - "Reactance", - "Admittance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5A05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does an inductor react to AC?", - "answers": [ - "As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases", - "As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases", - "As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases", - "As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5A06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does a capacitor react to AC?", - "answers": [ - "As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases", - "As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases", - "As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases", - "As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5A07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the term for the inverse of impedance?", - "answers": [ - "Conductance", - "Susceptance", - "Reluctance", - "Admittance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5A08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is impedance?", - "answers": [ - "The ratio of current to voltage", - "The product of current and voltage", - "The ratio of voltage to current", - "The product of current and reactance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5A09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What unit is used to measure reactance?", - "answers": [ - "Farad", - "Ohm", - "Ampere", - "Siemens" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5A10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following devices can be used for impedance matching at radio frequencies?", - "answers": [ - "A transformer", - "A Pi-network", - "A length of transmission line", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5A11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What letter is used to represent reactance?", - "answers": [ - "Z", - "X", - "B", - "Y" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5A12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What occurs in an LC circuit at resonance?", - "answers": [ - "Current and voltage are equal", - "Resistance is cancelled", - "The circuit radiates all its energy in the form of radio waves", - "Inductive reactance and capacitive reactance cancel" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5B01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What dB change represents a factor of two increase or decrease in power?", - "answers": [ - "Approximately 2 dB", - "Approximately 3 dB", - "Approximately 6 dB", - "Approximately 9 dB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5B02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does the total current relate to the individual currents in a circuit of parallel resistors?", - "answers": [ - "It equals the average of the branch currents", - "It decreases as more parallel branches are added to the circuit", - "It equals the sum of the currents through each branch", - "It is the sum of the reciprocal of each individual voltage drop" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5B03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How many watts of electrical power are consumed if 400 VDC is supplied to an 800-ohm load?", - "answers": [ - "0.5 watts", - "200 watts", - "400 watts", - "3200 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5B04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How many watts of electrical power are consumed by a 12 VDC light bulb that draws 0.2 amperes?", - "answers": [ - "2.4 watts", - "24 watts", - "6 watts", - "60 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5B05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How many watts are consumed when a current of 7.0 milliamperes flows through a 1,250-ohm resistance?", - "answers": [ - "Approximately 61 milliwatts", - "Approximately 61 watts", - "Approximately 11 milliwatts", - "Approximately 11 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5B06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the PEP produced by 200 volts peak-to-peak across a 50-ohm dummy load?", - "answers": [ - "1.4 watts", - "100 watts", - "353.5 watts", - "400 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5B07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What value of an AC signal produces the same power dissipation in a resistor as a DC voltage of the same value?", - "answers": [ - "The peak-to-peak value", - "The peak value", - "The RMS value", - "The reciprocal of the RMS value" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5B08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the peak-to-peak voltage of a sine wave with an RMS voltage of 120 volts?", - "answers": [ - "84.8 volts", - "169.7 volts", - "240.0 volts", - "339.4 volts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5B09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the RMS voltage of a sine wave with a value of 17 volts peak?", - "answers": [ - "8.5 volts", - "12 volts", - "24 volts", - "34 volts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5B10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What percentage of power loss is equivalent to a loss of 1 dB?", - "answers": [ - "10.9 percent", - "12.2 percent", - "20.6 percent", - "25.9 percent" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5B11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the ratio of PEP to average power for an unmodulated carrier?", - "answers": [ - "0.707", - "1.00", - "1.414", - "2.00" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5B12", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the RMS voltage across a 50-ohm dummy load dissipating 1200 watts?", - "answers": [ - "173 volts", - "245 volts", - "346 volts", - "692 volts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5B13", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the output PEP of an unmodulated carrier if the average power is 1060 watts?", - "answers": [ - "530 watts", - "1060 watts", - "1500 watts", - "2120 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5B14", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the output PEP of 500 volts peak-to-peak across a 50-ohm load?", - "answers": [ - "8.75 watts", - "625 watts", - "2500 watts", - "5000 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5C01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What causes a voltage to appear across the secondary winding of a transformer when an AC voltage source is connected across its primary winding?", - "answers": [ - "Capacitive coupling", - "Displacement current coupling", - "Mutual inductance", - "Mutual capacitance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5C02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the output voltage if an input signal is applied to the secondary winding of a 4:1 voltage step-down transformer instead of the primary winding?", - "answers": [ - "The input voltage is multiplied by 4", - "The input voltage is divided by 4", - "Additional resistance must be added in series with the primary to prevent overload", - "Additional resistance must be added in parallel with the secondary to prevent overload" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5C03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the total resistance of a 10-, a 20-, and a 50-ohm resistor connected in parallel?", - "answers": [ - "5.9 ohms", - "0.17 ohms", - "17 ohms", - "80 ohms" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5C04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate total resistance of a 100- and a 200-ohm resistor in parallel?", - "answers": [ - "300 ohms", - "150 ohms", - "75 ohms", - "67 ohms" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5C05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why is the primary winding wire of a voltage step-up transformer usually a larger size than that of the secondary winding?", - "answers": [ - "To improve the coupling between the primary and secondary", - "To accommodate the higher current of the primary", - "To prevent parasitic oscillations due to resistive losses in the primary", - "To ensure that the volume of the primary winding is equal to the volume of the secondary winding" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5C06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the voltage output of a transformer with a 500-turn primary and a 1500-turn secondary when 120 VAC is applied to the primary?", - "answers": [ - "360 volts", - "120 volts", - "40 volts", - "25.5 volts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5C07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What transformer turns ratio matches an antenna’s 600-ohm feed point impedance to a 50-ohm coaxial cable?", - "answers": [ - "3.5 to 1", - "12 to 1", - "24 to 1", - "144 to 1" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5C08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the equivalent capacitance of two 5.0-nanofarad capacitors and one 750-picofarad capacitor connected in parallel?", - "answers": [ - "576.9 nanofarads", - "1,733 picofarads", - "3,583 picofarads", - "10.750 nanofarads" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5C09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the capacitance of three 100-microfarad capacitors connected in series?", - "answers": [ - "0.33 microfarads", - "3.0 microfarads", - "33.3 microfarads", - "300 microfarads" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5C10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the inductance of three 10-millihenry inductors connected in parallel?", - "answers": [ - "0.30 henries", - "3.3 henries", - "3.3 millihenries", - "30 millihenries" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5C11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the inductance of a circuit with a 20-millihenry inductor connected in series with a 50-millihenry inductor?", - "answers": [ - "7 millihenries", - "14.3 millihenries", - "70 millihenries", - "1,000 millihenries" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5C12", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the capacitance of a 20-microfarad capacitor connected in series with a 50-microfarad capacitor?", - "answers": [ - "0.07 microfarads", - "14.3 microfarads", - "70 microfarads", - "1,000 microfarads" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5C13", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following components should be added to a capacitor to increase the capacitance?", - "answers": [ - "An inductor in series", - "An inductor in parallel", - "A capacitor in parallel", - "A capacitor in series" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G5C14", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following components should be added to an inductor to increase the inductance?", - "answers": [ - "A capacitor in series", - "A capacitor in parallel", - "An inductor in parallel", - "An inductor in series" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6A01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the minimum allowable discharge voltage for maximum life of a standard 12-volt lead-acid battery?", - "answers": [ - "6 volts", - "8.5 volts", - "10.5 volts", - "12 volts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6A02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an advantage of batteries with low internal resistance?", - "answers": [ - "Long life", - "High discharge current", - "High voltage", - "Rapid recharge" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6A03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate forward threshold voltage of a germanium diode?", - "answers": [ - "0.1 volt", - "0.3 volts", - "0.7 volts", - "1.0 volts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6A04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is characteristic of an electrolytic capacitor?", - "answers": [ - "Tight tolerance", - "Much less leakage than any other type", - "High capacitance for a given volume", - "Inexpensive RF capacitor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6A05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate forward threshold voltage of a silicon junction diode?", - "answers": [ - "0.1 volt", - "0.3 volts", - "0.7 volts", - "1.0 volts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6A06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why should wire-wound resistors not be used in RF circuits?", - "answers": [ - "The resistor’s tolerance value would not be adequate", - "The resistor’s inductance could make circuit performance unpredictable", - "The resistor could overheat", - "The resistor’s internal capacitance would detune the circuit" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6A07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What are the operating points for a bipolar transistor used as a switch?", - "answers": [ - "Saturation and cutoff", - "The active region (between cutoff and saturation)", - "Peak and valley current points", - "Enhancement and depletion modes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6A08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is characteristic of low voltage ceramic capacitors?", - "answers": [ - "Tight tolerance", - "High stability", - "High capacitance for given volume", - "Comparatively low cost" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6A09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes MOSFET construction?", - "answers": [ - "The gate is formed by a back-biased junction", - "The gate is separated from the channel by a thin insulating layer", - "The source is separated from the drain by a thin insulating layer", - "The source is formed by depositing metal on silicon" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6A10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which element of a vacuum tube regulates the flow of electrons between cathode and plate?", - "answers": [ - "Control grid", - "Suppressor grid", - "Screen grid", - "Trigger electrode" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6A11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What happens when an inductor is operated above its self-resonant frequency?", - "answers": [ - "Its reactance increases", - "Harmonics are generated", - "It becomes capacitive", - "Catastrophic failure is likely" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6A12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the primary purpose of a screen grid in a vacuum tube?", - "answers": [ - "To reduce grid-to-plate capacitance", - "To increase efficiency", - "To increase the control grid resistance", - "To decrease plate resistance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6B01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What determines the performance of a ferrite core at different frequencies?", - "answers": [ - "Its conductivity", - "Its thickness", - "The composition, or “mix,” of materials used", - "The ratio of outer diameter to inner diameter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6B02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is meant by the term MMIC?", - "answers": [ - "Multi-Mode Integrated Circuit", - "Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit", - "Metal Monolayer Integrated Circuit", - "Mode Modulated Integrated Circuit" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6B03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is an advantage of CMOS integrated circuits compared to TTL integrated circuits?", - "answers": [ - "Low power consumption", - "High power handling capability", - "Better suited for RF amplification", - "Better suited for power supply regulation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6B04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a typical upper frequency limit for low SWR operation of 50-ohm BNC connectors?", - "answers": [ - "50 MHz", - "500 MHz", - "4 GHz", - "40 GHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6B05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an advantage of using a ferrite core toroidal inductor?", - "answers": [ - "Large values of inductance may be obtained", - "The magnetic properties of the core may be optimized for a specific range of frequencies", - "Most of the magnetic field is contained in the core", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6B06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What kind of device is an integrated circuit operational amplifier?", - "answers": [ - "Digital", - "MMIC", - "Programmable Logic", - "Analog" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6B07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes a type N connector?", - "answers": [ - "A moisture-resistant RF connector useful to 10 GHz", - "A small bayonet connector used for data circuits", - "A low noise figure VHF connector", - "A nickel plated version of the PL-259" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6B08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is an LED biased when emitting light?", - "answers": [ - "In the tunnel-effect region", - "At the Zener voltage", - "Reverse biased", - "Forward biased" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6B10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does a ferrite bead or core reduce common-mode RF current on the shield of a coaxial cable?", - "answers": [ - "By creating an impedance in the current’s path", - "It converts common-mode current to differential mode current", - "By creating an out-of-phase current to cancel the common-mode current", - "Ferrites expel magnetic fields" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6B11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an SMA connector?", - "answers": [ - "A type-S to type-M adaptor", - "A small threaded connector suitable for signals up to several GHz", - "A connector designed for serial multiple access signals", - "A type of push-on connector intended for high-voltage applications" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G6B12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of these connector types is commonly used for low frequency or dc signal connections to a transceiver?", - "answers": [ - "PL-259", - "BNC", - "RCA Phono", - "Type N" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7A01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the function of a power supply bleeder resistor?", - "answers": [ - "It acts as a fuse for excess voltage", - "It discharges the filter capacitors when power is removed", - "It removes shock hazards from the induction coils", - "It eliminates ground loop current" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7A02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following components are used in a power supply filter network?", - "answers": [ - "Diodes", - "Transformers and transducers", - "Capacitors and inductors", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7A03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which type of rectifier circuit uses two diodes and a center-tapped transformer?", - "answers": [ - "Full-wave", - "Full-wave bridge", - "Half-wave", - "Synchronous" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7A04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is characteristic of a half-wave rectifier in a power supply?", - "answers": [ - "Only one diode is required", - "The ripple frequency is twice that of a full-wave rectifier", - "More current can be drawn from the half-wave rectifier", - "The output voltage is two times the peak input voltage" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7A05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What portion of the AC cycle is converted to DC by a half-wave rectifier?", - "answers": [ - "90 degrees", - "180 degrees", - "270 degrees", - "360 degrees" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7A06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What portion of the AC cycle is converted to DC by a full-wave rectifier?", - "answers": [ - "90 degrees", - "180 degrees", - "270 degrees", - "360 degrees" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7A07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the output waveform of an unfiltered full-wave rectifier connected to a resistive load?", - "answers": [ - "A series of DC pulses at twice the frequency of the AC input", - "A series of DC pulses at the same frequency as the AC input", - "A sine wave at half the frequency of the AC input", - "A steady DC voltage" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7A08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is characteristic of a switchmode power supply as compared to a linear power supply?", - "answers": [ - "Faster switching time makes higher output voltage possible", - "Fewer circuit components are required", - "High-frequency operation allows the use of smaller components", - "Inherently more stable" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7A09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which symbol in figure G7-1 represents a field effect transistor?", - "answers": [ - "Symbol 2", - "Symbol 5", - "Symbol 1", - "Symbol 4" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7A10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which symbol in figure G7-1 represents a Zener diode?", - "answers": [ - "Symbol 4", - "Symbol 1", - "Symbol 11", - "Symbol 5" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7A11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which symbol in figure G7-1 represents an NPN junction transistor?", - "answers": [ - "Symbol 1", - "Symbol 2", - "Symbol 7", - "Symbol 11" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7A12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which symbol in Figure G7-1 represents a solid core transformer?", - "answers": [ - "Symbol 4", - "Symbol 7", - "Symbol 6", - "Symbol 1" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7A13", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which symbol in Figure G7-1 represents a tapped inductor?", - "answers": [ - "Symbol 7", - "Symbol 11", - "Symbol 6", - "Symbol 1" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7B01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of neutralizing an amplifier?", - "answers": [ - "To limit the modulation index", - "To eliminate self-oscillations", - "To cut off the final amplifier during standby periods", - "To keep the carrier on frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7B02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of these classes of amplifiers has the highest efficiency?", - "answers": [ - "Class A", - "Class B", - "Class AB", - "Class C" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7B03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes the function of a two-input AND gate?", - "answers": [ - "Output is high when either or both inputs are low", - "Output is high only when both inputs are high", - "Output is low when either or both inputs are high", - "Output is low only when both inputs are high" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7B04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "In a Class A amplifier, what percentage of the time does the amplifying device conduct?", - "answers": [ - "100%", - "More than 50% but less than 100%", - "50%", - "Less than 50%" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7B05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How many states does a 3-bit binary counter have?", - "answers": [ - "3", - "6", - "8", - "16" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7B06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a shift register?", - "answers": [ - "A clocked array of circuits that passes data in steps along the array", - "An array of operational amplifiers used for tri-state arithmetic operations", - "A digital mixer", - "An analog mixer" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7B07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following are basic components of a sine wave oscillator?", - "answers": [ - "An amplifier and a divider", - "A frequency multiplier and a mixer", - "A circulator and a filter operating in a feed-forward loop", - "A filter and an amplifier operating in a feedback loop" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7B08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is the efficiency of an RF power amplifier determined?", - "answers": [ - "Divide the DC input power by the DC output power", - "Divide the RF output power by the DC input power", - "Multiply the RF input power by the reciprocal of the RF output power", - "Add the RF input power to the DC output power" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7B09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What determines the frequency of an LC oscillator?", - "answers": [ - "The number of stages in the counter", - "The number of stages in the divider", - "The inductance and capacitance in the tank circuit", - "The time delay of the lag circuit" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7B10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes a linear amplifier?", - "answers": [ - "Any RF power amplifier used in conjunction with an amateur transceiver", - "An amplifier in which the output preserves the input waveform", - "A Class C high efficiency amplifier", - "An amplifier used as a frequency multiplier" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7B11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "For which of the following modes is a Class C power stage appropriate for amplifying a modulated signal?", - "answers": [ - "SSB", - "FM", - "AM", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7C01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What circuit is used to select one of the sidebands from a balanced modulator?", - "answers": [ - "Carrier oscillator", - "Filter", - "IF amplifier", - "RF amplifier" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7C02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What output is produced by a balanced modulator?", - "answers": [ - "Frequency modulated RF", - "Audio with equalized frequency response", - "Audio extracted from the modulation signal", - "Double-sideband modulated RF" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7C03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is one reason to use an impedance matching transformer at a transmitter output?", - "answers": [ - "To minimize transmitter power output", - "To present the desired impedance to the transmitter and feed line", - "To reduce power supply ripple", - "To minimize radiation resistance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7C04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is a product detector used?", - "answers": [ - "Used in test gear to detect spurious mixing products", - "Used in a transmitter to perform frequency multiplication", - "Used in an FM receiver to filter out unwanted sidebands", - "Used in a single sideband receiver to extract the modulated signal" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7C05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is characteristic of a direct digital synthesizer (DDS)?", - "answers": [ - "Extremely narrow tuning range", - "Relatively high-power output", - "Pure sine wave output", - "Variable output frequency with the stability of a crystal oscillator" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7C06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is an advantage of a digital signal processing (DSP) filter compared to an analog filter?", - "answers": [ - "A wide range of filter bandwidths and shapes can be created", - "Fewer digital components are required", - "Mixing products are greatly reduced", - "The DSP filter is much more effective at VHF frequencies" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7C07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What term specifies a filter’s attenuation inside its passband?", - "answers": [ - "Insertion loss", - "Return loss", - "Q", - "Ultimate rejection" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7C08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which parameter affects receiver sensitivity?", - "answers": [ - "Input amplifier gain", - "Demodulator stage bandwidth", - "Input amplifier noise figure", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7C09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the phase difference between the I and Q RF signals that software-defined radio (SDR) equipment uses for modulation and demodulation?", - "answers": [ - "Zero", - "90 degrees", - "180 degrees", - "45 degrees" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7C10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an advantage of using I-Q modulation with software-defined radios (SDRs)?", - "answers": [ - "The need for high resolution analog-to-digital converters is eliminated", - "All types of modulation can be created with appropriate processing", - "Minimum detectible signal level is reduced", - "Automatic conversion of the signal from digital to analog" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7C11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of these functions is performed by software in a software-defined radio (SDR)?", - "answers": [ - "Filtering", - "Detection", - "Modulation", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7C12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the frequency above which a low-pass filter’s output power is less than half the input power?", - "answers": [ - "Notch frequency", - "Neper frequency", - "Cutoff frequency", - "Rolloff frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7C13", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What term specifies a filter’s maximum ability to reject signals outside its passband?", - "answers": [ - "Notch depth", - "Rolloff", - "Insertion loss", - "Ultimate rejection" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G7C14", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "The bandwidth of a band-pass filter is measured between what two frequencies?", - "answers": [ - "Upper and lower half-power", - "Cutoff and rolloff", - "Pole and zero", - "Image and harmonic" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8A01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is direct binary FSK modulation generated?", - "answers": [ - "By keying an FM transmitter with a sub-audible tone", - "By changing an oscillator’s frequency directly with a digital control signal", - "By using a transceiver’s computer data interface protocol to change frequencies", - "By reconfiguring the CW keying input to act as a tone generator" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8A02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the name of the process that changes the phase angle of an RF signal to convey information?", - "answers": [ - "Phase convolution", - "Phase modulation", - "Phase transformation", - "Phase inversion" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8A03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the name of the process that changes the instantaneous frequency of an RF wave to convey information?", - "answers": [ - "Frequency convolution", - "Frequency transformation", - "Frequency conversion", - "Frequency modulation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8A04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What emission is produced by a reactance modulator connected to a transmitter RF amplifier stage?", - "answers": [ - "Multiplex modulation", - "Phase modulation", - "Amplitude modulation", - "Pulse modulation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8A05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of modulation varies the instantaneous power level of the RF signal?", - "answers": [ - "Power modulation", - "Phase modulation", - "Frequency modulation", - "Amplitude modulation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8A06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is characteristic of QPSK31?", - "answers": [ - "It is sideband sensitive", - "Its encoding provides error correction", - "Its bandwidth is approximately the same as BPSK31", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8A07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following phone emissions uses the narrowest bandwidth?", - "answers": [ - "Single sideband", - "Vestigial sideband", - "Phase modulation", - "Frequency modulation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8A08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is an effect of overmodulation?", - "answers": [ - "Insufficient audio", - "Insufficient bandwidth", - "Frequency drift", - "Excessive bandwidth" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8A09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of modulation is used by FT8?", - "answers": [ - "8-tone frequency shift keying", - "Vestigial sideband", - "Amplitude compressed AM", - "8-bit direct sequence spread spectrum" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8A10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is meant by the term “flat-topping,” when referring to an amplitude-modulated phone signal?", - "answers": [ - "Signal distortion caused by insufficient collector current", - "The transmitter’s automatic level control (ALC) is properly adjusted", - "Signal distortion caused by excessive drive or speech levels", - "The transmitter’s carrier is properly suppressed" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8A11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the modulation envelope of an AM signal?", - "answers": [ - "The waveform created by connecting the peak values of the modulated signal", - "The carrier frequency that contains the signal", - "Spurious signals that envelop nearby frequencies", - "The bandwidth of the modulated signal" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8A12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is QPSK modulation?", - "answers": [ - "Modulation using quasi-parallel to serial conversion to reduce bandwidth", - "Modulation using quadra-pole sideband keying to generate spread spectrum signals", - "Modulation using Fast Fourier Transforms to generate frequencies at the first, second, third, and fourth harmonics of the carrier frequency to improve noise immunity", - "Modulation in which digital data is transmitted using 0-, 90-, 180- and 270-degrees phase shift to represent pairs of bits" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8A13", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a link budget?", - "answers": [ - "The financial costs associated with operating a radio link", - "The sum of antenna gains minus system losses", - "The sum of transmit power and antenna gains minus system losses as seen at the receiver", - "The difference between transmit power and receiver sensitivity" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8A14", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is link margin?", - "answers": [ - "The opposite of fade margin", - "The difference between received power level and minimum required signal level at the input to the receiver", - "Transmit power minus receiver sensitivity", - "Receiver sensitivity plus 3 dB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8B01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which mixer input is varied or tuned to convert signals of different frequencies to an intermediate frequency (IF)?", - "answers": [ - "Image frequency", - "Local oscillator", - "RF input", - "Beat frequency oscillator" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8B02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the term for interference from a signal at twice the IF frequency from the desired signal?", - "answers": [ - "Quadrature response", - "Image response", - "Mixer interference", - "Intermediate interference" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8B03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is another term for the mixing of two RF signals?", - "answers": [ - "Heterodyning", - "Synthesizing", - "Frequency inversion", - "Phase inversion" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8B04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the stage in a VHF FM transmitter that generates a harmonic of a lower frequency signal to reach the desired operating frequency?", - "answers": [ - "Mixer", - "Reactance modulator", - "Balanced converter", - "Multiplier" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8B05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which intermodulation products are closest to the original signal frequencies?", - "answers": [ - "Second harmonics", - "Even-order", - "Odd-order", - "Intercept point" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8B06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the total bandwidth of an FM phone transmission having 5 kHz deviation and 3 kHz modulating frequency?", - "answers": [ - "3 kHz", - "5 kHz", - "8 kHz", - "16 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8B07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the frequency deviation for a 12.21 MHz reactance modulated oscillator in a 5 kHz deviation, 146.52 MHz FM phone transmitter?", - "answers": [ - "101.75 Hz", - "416.7 Hz", - "5 kHz", - "60 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8B08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why is it important to know the duty cycle of the mode you are using when transmitting?", - "answers": [ - "To aid in tuning your transmitter", - "Some modes have high duty cycles that could exceed the transmitter’s average power rating", - "To allow time for the other station to break in during a transmission", - "To prevent overmodulation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8B09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why is it good to match receiver bandwidth to the bandwidth of the operating mode?", - "answers": [ - "It is required by FCC rules", - "It minimizes power consumption in the receiver", - "It improves impedance matching of the antenna", - "It results in the best signal-to-noise ratio" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8B10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the relationship between transmitted symbol rate and bandwidth?", - "answers": [ - "Symbol rate and bandwidth are not related", - "Higher symbol rates require wider bandwidth", - "Lower symbol rates require wider bandwidth", - "Bandwidth is half the symbol rate" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8B11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What combination of a mixer’s Local Oscillator (LO) and RF input frequencies is found in the output?", - "answers": [ - "The ratio", - "The average", - "The sum and difference", - "The arithmetic product" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8B12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What process combines two signals in a non-linear circuit to produce unwanted spurious outputs?", - "answers": [ - "Intermodulation", - "Heterodyning", - "Detection", - "Rolloff" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8B13", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is an odd-order intermodulation product of frequencies F1 and F2?", - "answers": [ - "5F1-3F2", - "3F1-F2", - "2F1-F2", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8C01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "On what band do amateurs share channels with the unlicensed Wi-Fi service?", - "answers": [ - "432 MHz", - "902 MHz", - "2.4 GHz", - "10.7 GHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8C02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which digital mode is used as a low-power beacon for assessing HF propagation?", - "answers": [ - "WSPR", - "MFSK16", - "PSK31", - "SSB-SC" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8C03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What part of a packet radio frame contains the routing and handling information?", - "answers": [ - "Directory", - "Preamble", - "Header", - "Trailer" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8C04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes Baudot code?", - "answers": [ - "A 7-bit code with start, stop, and parity bits", - "A code using error detection and correction", - "A 5-bit code with additional start and stop bits", - "A code using SELCAL and LISTEN" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8C05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "In an ARQ mode, what is meant by a NAK response to a transmitted packet?", - "answers": [ - "Request retransmission of the packet", - "Packet was received without error", - "Receiving station connected and ready for transmissions", - "Entire file received correctly" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8C06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What action results from a failure to exchange information due to excessive transmission attempts when using an ARQ mode?", - "answers": [ - "The checksum overflows", - "The connection is dropped", - "Packets will be routed incorrectly", - "Encoding reverts to the default character set" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8C07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following narrow-band digital modes can receive signals with very low signal-to-noise ratios?", - "answers": [ - "MSK144", - "FT8", - "AMTOR", - "MFSK32" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8C08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following statements is true about PSK31?", - "answers": [ - "Upper case letters are sent with more power", - "Upper case letters use longer Varicode bit sequences and thus slow down transmission", - "Error correction is used to ensure accurate message reception", - "Higher power is needed as compared to RTTY for similar error rates" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8C09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which is true of mesh network microwave nodes?", - "answers": [ - "Having more nodes increases signal strengths", - "If one node fails, a packet may still reach its target station via an alternate node", - "Links between two nodes in a network may have different frequencies and bandwidths", - "More nodes reduce overall microwave out of band interference" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8C10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does forward error correction (FEC) allow the receiver to correct data errors?", - "answers": [ - "By controlling transmitter output power for optimum signal strength", - "By using the Varicode character set", - "By transmitting redundant information with the data", - "By using a parity bit with each character" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8C11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "How are the two separate frequencies of a Frequency Shift Keyed (FSK) signal identified?", - "answers": [ - "Dot and dash", - "On and off", - "High and low", - "Mark and space" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8C12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which type of code is used for sending characters in a PSK31 signal?", - "answers": [ - "Varicode", - "Viterbi", - "Volumetric", - "Binary" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8C13", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is indicated on a waterfall display by one or more vertical lines on either side of a data mode or RTTY signal?", - "answers": [ - "Long path propagation", - "Backscatter propagation", - "Insufficient modulation", - "Overmodulation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8C14", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes a waterfall display?", - "answers": [ - "Frequency is horizontal, signal strength is vertical, time is intensity", - "Frequency is vertical, signal strength is intensity, time is horizontal", - "Frequency is horizontal, signal strength is intensity, time is vertical", - "Frequency is vertical, signal strength is horizontal, time is intensity" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8C15", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does an FT8 signal report of +3 mean?", - "answers": [ - "The signal is 3 times the noise level of an equivalent SSB signal", - "The signal is S3 (weak signals)", - "The signal-to-noise ratio is equivalent to +3dB in a 2.5 kHz bandwidth", - "The signal is 3 dB over S9" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G8C16", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following provide digital voice modes?", - "answers": [ - "WSPR, MFSK16, and EasyPAL", - "FT8, FT4, and FST4", - "Winlink, PACTOR II, and PACTOR III", - "DMR, D-STAR, and SystemFusion" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9A01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following factors determine the characteristic impedance of a parallel conductor feed line?", - "answers": [ - "The distance between the centers of the conductors and the radius of the conductors", - "The distance between the centers of the conductors and the length of the line", - "The radius of the conductors and the frequency of the signal", - "The frequency of the signal and the length of the line" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9A02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the relationship between high standing wave ratio (SWR) and transmission line loss?", - "answers": [ - "There is no relationship between transmission line loss and SWR", - "High SWR increases loss in a lossy transmission line", - "High SWR makes it difficult to measure transmission line loss", - "High SWR reduces the relative effect of transmission line loss" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9A03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the nominal characteristic impedance of “window line” transmission line?", - "answers": [ - "50 ohms", - "75 ohms", - "100 ohms", - "450 ohms" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9A04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What causes reflected power at an antenna’s feed point?", - "answers": [ - "Operating an antenna at its resonant frequency", - "Using more transmitter power than the antenna can handle", - "A difference between feed line impedance and antenna feed point impedance", - "Feeding the antenna with unbalanced feed line" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9A05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does the attenuation of coaxial cable change with increasing frequency?", - "answers": [ - "Attenuation is independent of frequency", - "Attenuation increases", - "Attenuation decreases", - "Attenuation follows Marconi’s Law of Attenuation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9A06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "In what units is RF feed line loss usually expressed?", - "answers": [ - "Ohms per 1,000 feet", - "Decibels per 1,000 feet", - "Ohms per 100 feet", - "Decibels per 100 feet" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9A07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What must be done to prevent standing waves on a feed line connected to an antenna?", - "answers": [ - "The antenna feed point must be at DC ground potential", - "The feed line must be an odd number of electrical quarter wavelengths long", - "The feed line must be an even number of physical half wavelengths long", - "The antenna feed point impedance must be matched to the characteristic impedance of the feed line" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9A08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "If the SWR on an antenna feed line is 5:1, and a matching network at the transmitter end of the feed line is adjusted to present a 1:1 SWR to the transmitter, what is the resulting SWR on the feed line?", - "answers": [ - "1:1", - "5:1", - "Between 1:1 and 5:1 depending on the characteristic impedance of the line", - "Between 1:1 and 5:1 depending on the reflected power at the transmitter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9A09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What standing wave ratio results from connecting a 50-ohm feed line to a 200-ohm resistive load?", - "answers": [ - "4:1", - "1:4", - "2:1", - "1:2" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9A10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What standing wave ratio results from connecting a 50-ohm feed line to a 10-ohm resistive load?", - "answers": [ - "2:1", - "1:2", - "1:5", - "5:1" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9A11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the effect of transmission line loss on SWR measured at the input to the line?", - "answers": [ - "Higher loss reduces SWR measured at the input to the line", - "Higher loss increases SWR measured at the input to the line", - "Higher loss increases the accuracy of SWR measured at the input to the line", - "Transmission line loss does not affect the SWR measurement" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9B01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a characteristic of a random-wire HF antenna connected directly to the transmitter?", - "answers": [ - "It must be longer than 1 wavelength", - "Station equipment may carry significant RF current", - "It produces only vertically polarized radiation", - "It is more effective on the lower HF bands than on the higher bands" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9B02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a common way to adjust the feed point impedance of an elevated quarter-wave ground-plane vertical antenna to be approximately 50 ohms?", - "answers": [ - "Slope the radials upward", - "Slope the radials downward", - "Lengthen the radials beyond one wavelength", - "Coil the radials" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9B03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following best describes the radiation pattern of a quarter-wave ground-plane vertical antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Bi-directional in azimuth", - "Isotropic", - "Hemispherical", - "Omnidirectional in azimuth" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9B04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the radiation pattern of a dipole antenna in free space in a plane containing the conductor?", - "answers": [ - "It is a figure-eight at right angles to the antenna", - "It is a figure-eight off both ends of the antenna", - "It is a circle (equal radiation in all directions)", - "It has a pair of lobes on one side of the antenna and a single lobe on the other side" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9B05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does antenna height affect the azimuthal radiation pattern of a horizontal dipole HF antenna at elevation angles higher than about 45 degrees?", - "answers": [ - "If the antenna is too high, the pattern becomes unpredictable", - "Antenna height has no effect on the pattern", - "If the antenna is less than 1/2 wavelength high, the azimuthal pattern is almost omnidirectional", - "If the antenna is less than 1/2 wavelength high, radiation off the ends of the wire is eliminated" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9B06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Where should the radial wires of a ground-mounted vertical antenna system be placed?", - "answers": [ - "As high as possible above the ground", - "Parallel to the antenna element", - "On the surface or buried a few inches below the ground", - "At the center of the antenna" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9B07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does the feed point impedance of a horizontal 1/2 wave dipole antenna change as the antenna height is reduced to 1/10 wavelength above ground?", - "answers": [ - "It steadily increases", - "It steadily decreases", - "It peaks at about 1/8 wavelength above ground", - "It is unaffected by the height above ground" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9B08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does the feed point impedance of a 1/2 wave dipole change as the feed point is moved from the center toward the ends?", - "answers": [ - "It steadily increases", - "It steadily decreases", - "It peaks at about 1/8 wavelength from the end", - "It is unaffected by the location of the feed point" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9B09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is an advantage of using a horizontally polarized as compared to a vertically polarized HF antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Lower ground losses", - "Lower feed point impedance", - "Shorter radials", - "Lower radiation resistance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9B10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate length for a 1/2 wave dipole antenna cut for 14.250 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "8 feet", - "16 feet", - "24 feet", - "33 feet" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9B11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate length for a 1/2 wave dipole antenna cut for 3.550 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "42 feet", - "84 feet", - "132 feet", - "263 feet" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9B12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate length for a 1/4 wave monopole antenna cut for 28.5 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "8 feet", - "11 feet", - "16 feet", - "21 feet" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9C01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following would increase the bandwidth of a Yagi antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Larger-diameter elements", - "Closer element spacing", - "Loading coils in series with the element", - "Tapered-diameter elements" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9C02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate length of the driven element of a Yagi antenna?", - "answers": [ - "1/4 wavelength", - "1/2 wavelength", - "3/4 wavelength", - "1 wavelength" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9C03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How do the lengths of a three-element Yagi reflector and director compare to that of the driven element?", - "answers": [ - "The reflector is longer, and the director is shorter", - "The reflector is shorter, and the director is longer", - "They are all the same length", - "Relative length depends on the frequency of operation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9C04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does antenna gain in dBi compare to gain stated in dBd for the same antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Gain in dBi is 2.15 dB lower", - "Gain in dBi is 2.15 dB higher", - "Gain in dBd is 1.25 dBd lower", - "Gain in dBd is 1.25 dBd higher" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9C05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the primary effect of increasing boom length and adding directors to a Yagi antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Gain increases", - "Beamwidth increases", - "Front-to-back ratio decreases", - "Resonant frequency is lower" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9C07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does “front-to-back ratio” mean in reference to a Yagi antenna?", - "answers": [ - "The number of directors versus the number of reflectors", - "The relative position of the driven element with respect to the reflectors and directors", - "The power radiated in the major lobe compared to that in the opposite direction", - "The ratio of forward gain to dipole gain" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9C08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is meant by the “main lobe” of a directive antenna?", - "answers": [ - "The magnitude of the maximum vertical angle of radiation", - "The point of maximum current in a radiating antenna element", - "The maximum voltage standing wave point on a radiating element", - "The direction of maximum radiated field strength from the antenna" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9C09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "In free space, how does the gain of two three-element, horizontally polarized Yagi antennas spaced vertically 1/2 wavelength apart typically compare to the gain of a single three-element Yagi?", - "answers": [ - "Approximately 1.5 dB higher", - "Approximately 3 dB higher", - "Approximately 6 dB higher", - "Approximately 9 dB higher" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9C10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can be adjusted to optimize forward gain, front-to-back ratio, or SWR bandwidth of a Yagi antenna?", - "answers": [ - "The physical length of the boom", - "The number of elements on the boom", - "The spacing of each element along the boom", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9C11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a beta or hairpin match?", - "answers": [ - "A shorted transmission line stub placed at the feed point of a Yagi antenna to provide impedance matching", - "A 1/4 wavelength section of 75-ohm coax in series with the feed point of a Yagi to provide impedance matching", - "A series capacitor selected to cancel the inductive reactance of a folded dipole antenna", - "A section of 300-ohm twin-lead transmission line used to match a folded dipole antenna" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9C12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a characteristic of using a gamma match with a Yagi antenna?", - "answers": [ - "It does not require the driven element to be insulated from the boom", - "It does not require any inductors or capacitors", - "It is useful for matching multiband antennas", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9D01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following antenna types will be most effective as a near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) antenna for short-skip communications on 40 meters during the day?", - "answers": [ - "A horizontal dipole placed between 1/10 and 1/4 wavelength above the ground", - "A vertical antenna placed between 1/4 and 1/2 wavelength above the ground", - "A horizontal dipole placed at approximately 1/2 wavelength above the ground", - "A vertical dipole placed at approximately 1/2 wavelength above the ground" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9D02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the feed point impedance of an end-fed half-wave antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Very low", - "Approximately 50 ohms", - "Approximately 300 ohms", - "Very high" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9D03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "In which direction is the maximum radiation from a VHF/UHF “halo” antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Broadside to the plane of the halo", - "Opposite the feed point", - "Omnidirectional in the plane of the halo", - "On the same side as the feed point" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9D04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the primary function of antenna traps?", - "answers": [ - "To enable multiband operation", - "To notch spurious frequencies", - "To provide balanced feed point impedance", - "To prevent out-of-band operation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9D05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an advantage of vertically stacking horizontally polarized Yagi antennas?", - "answers": [ - "It allows quick selection of vertical or horizontal polarization", - "It allows simultaneous vertical and horizontal polarization", - "It narrows the main lobe in azimuth", - "It narrows the main lobe in elevation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9D06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is an advantage of a log-periodic antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Wide bandwidth", - "Higher gain per element than a Yagi antenna", - "Harmonic suppression", - "Polarization diversity" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9D07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes a log-periodic antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Element length and spacing vary logarithmically along the boom", - "Impedance varies periodically as a function of frequency", - "Gain varies logarithmically as a function of frequency", - "SWR varies periodically as a function of boom length" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9D08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does a “screwdriver” mobile antenna adjust its feed point impedance?", - "answers": [ - "By varying its body capacitance", - "By varying the base loading inductance", - "By extending and retracting the whip", - "By deploying a capacitance hat" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9D09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the primary use of a Beverage antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Directional receiving for MF and low HF bands", - "Directional transmitting for low HF bands", - "Portable direction finding at higher HF frequencies", - "Portable direction finding at lower HF frequencies" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9D10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "In which direction or directions does an electrically small loop (less than 1/10 wavelength in circumference) have nulls in its radiation pattern?", - "answers": [ - "In the plane of the loop", - "Broadside to the loop", - "Broadside and in the plane of the loop", - "Electrically small loops are omnidirectional" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9D11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a disadvantage of multiband antennas?", - "answers": [ - "They present low impedance on all design frequencies", - "They must be used with an antenna tuner", - "They must be fed with open wire line", - "They have poor harmonic rejection" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G9D12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the common name of a dipole with a single central support?", - "answers": [ - "Inverted V", - "Inverted L", - "Sloper", - "Lazy H" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0A01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is one way that RF energy can affect human body tissue?", - "answers": [ - "It heats body tissue", - "It causes radiation poisoning", - "It causes the blood count to reach a dangerously low level", - "It cools body tissue" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0A02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is used to determine RF exposure from a transmitted signal?", - "answers": [ - "Its duty cycle", - "Its frequency", - "Its power density", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0A03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.13(c)(1)]", - "question": "How can you determine that your station complies with FCC RF exposure regulations?", - "answers": [ - "By calculation based on FCC OET Bulletin 65", - "By calculation based on computer modeling", - "By measurement of field strength using calibrated equipment", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0A04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does “time averaging” mean when evaluating RF radiation exposure?", - "answers": [ - "The average amount of power developed by the transmitter over a specific 24-hour period", - "The average time it takes RF radiation to have any long-term effect on the body", - "The total time of the exposure", - "The total RF exposure averaged over a certain period" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0A05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.13(c)(2), 1.1307(b)]", - "question": "What must you do if an evaluation of your station shows that the RF energy radiated by your station exceeds permissible limits for possible human absorption?", - "answers": [ - "Take action to prevent human exposure to the excessive RF fields", - "File an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS-97) with the FCC", - "Secure written permission from your neighbors to operate above the controlled MPE limits", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0A06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.13(c)(2), 1.1307(1)(b)(3)(i)]", - "question": "What must you do if your station fails to meet the FCC RF exposure exemption criteria?", - "answers": [ - "Perform an RF exposure evaluation in accordance with FCC OET Bulletin 65", - "Contact the FCC for permission to transmit", - "Perform an RF exposure evaluation in accordance with World Meteorological Organization guidelines", - "Use an FCC-approved band-pass filter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0A07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the effect of modulation duty cycle on RF exposure?", - "answers": [ - "A lower duty cycle permits greater power levels to be transmitted", - "A higher duty cycle permits greater power levels to be transmitted", - "Low duty cycle transmitters are exempt from RF exposure evaluation requirements", - "High duty cycle transmitters are exempt from RF exposure requirements" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0A08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.13(c)(2)]", - "question": "Which of the following steps must an amateur operator take to ensure compliance with RF safety regulations?", - "answers": [ - "Post a copy of FCC Part 97.13 in the station", - "Notify neighbors within a 100-foot radius of the antenna of the existence of the station and power levels", - "Perform a routine RF exposure evaluation and prevent access to any identified high exposure areas", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0A09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of instrument can be used to accurately measure an RF field strength?", - "answers": [ - "A receiver with digital signal processing (DSP) noise reduction", - "A calibrated field strength meter with a calibrated antenna", - "An SWR meter with a peak-reading function", - "An oscilloscope with a high-stability crystal marker generator" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0A10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What should be done if evaluation shows that a neighbor might experience more than the allowable limit of RF exposure from the main lobe of a directional antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Change to a non-polarized antenna with higher gain", - "Use an antenna with a higher front-to-back ratio", - "Take precautions to ensure that the antenna cannot be pointed in their direction when they are present", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0A11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What precaution should be taken if you install an indoor transmitting antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Locate the antenna close to your operating position to minimize feed-line radiation", - "Position the antenna along the edge of a wall to reduce parasitic radiation", - "Make sure that MPE limits are not exceeded in occupied areas", - "Make sure the antenna is properly shielded" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0A12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[1.1307(1)(b)(3)(i)(A)]", - "question": "What stations are subject to the FCC rules on RF exposure?", - "answers": [ - "All commercial stations; amateur radio stations are exempt", - "Only stations with antennas lower than one wavelength above the ground", - "Only stations transmitting more than 500 watts PEP", - "All stations with a time-averaged transmission of more than one milliwatt" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0B01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which wire or wires in a four-conductor 240 VAC circuit should be attached to fuses or circuit breakers?", - "answers": [ - "Only the hot wires", - "Only the neutral wire", - "Only the ground wire", - "All wires" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0B02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "According to the National Electrical Code, what is the minimum wire size that may be used safely for wiring with a 20-ampere circuit breaker?", - "answers": [ - "AWG number 20", - "AWG number 16", - "AWG number 12", - "AWG number 8" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0B03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which size of fuse or circuit breaker would be appropriate to use with a circuit that uses AWG number 14 wiring?", - "answers": [ - "30 amperes", - "25 amperes", - "20 amperes", - "15 amperes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0B04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Where should the station’s lightning protection ground system be located?", - "answers": [ - "As close to the station equipment as possible", - "Outside the building", - "Next to the closest power pole", - "Parallel to the water supply line" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0B05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following conditions will cause a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) to disconnect AC power?", - "answers": [ - "Current flowing from one or more of the hot wires to the neutral wire", - "Current flowing from one or more of the hot wires directly to ground", - "Overvoltage on the hot wires", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0B06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is covered by the National Electrical Code?", - "answers": [ - "Acceptable bandwidth limits", - "Acceptable modulation limits", - "Electrical safety of the station", - "RF exposure limits of the human body" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0B07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of these choices should be observed when climbing a tower using a safety harness?", - "answers": [ - "Always hold on to the tower with one hand", - "Confirm that the harness is rated for the weight of the climber and that it is within its allowable service life", - "Ensure that all heavy tools are securely fastened to the harness", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0B08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What should be done before climbing a tower that supports electrically powered devices?", - "answers": [ - "Notify the electric company that a person will be working on the tower", - "Make sure all circuits that supply power to the tower are locked out and tagged", - "Unground the base of the tower", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0B09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is true of an emergency generator installation?", - "answers": [ - "The generator should be operated in a well-ventilated area", - "The generator must be insulated from ground", - "Fuel should be stored near the generator for rapid refueling in case of an emergency", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0B10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a danger from lead-tin solder?", - "answers": [ - "Lead can contaminate food if hands are not washed carefully after handling the solder", - "High voltages can cause lead-tin solder to disintegrate suddenly", - "Tin in the solder can “cold flow,” causing shorts in the circuit", - "RF energy can convert the lead into a poisonous gas" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0B11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is required for lightning protection ground rods?", - "answers": [ - "They must be bonded to all buried water and gas lines", - "Bends in ground wires must be made as close as possible to a right angle", - "Lightning grounds must be connected to all ungrounded wiring", - "They must be bonded together with all other grounds" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0B12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of a power supply interlock?", - "answers": [ - "To prevent unauthorized changes to the circuit that would void the manufacturer’s warranty", - "To shut down the unit if it becomes too hot", - "To ensure that dangerous voltages are removed if the cabinet is opened", - "To shut off the power supply if too much voltage is produced" - ] - }, - { - "id": "G0B13", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Where should lightning arrestors be located?", - "answers": [ - "Where the feed lines enter the building", - "On the antenna, opposite the feed point", - "In series with each ground lead", - "At the closest power pole ground electrode" - ] - } -] diff --git a/technician.json b/technician.json deleted file mode 100644 index 1faa1c6..0000000 --- a/technician.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4934 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "id": "T1A01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.1]", - "question": "Which of the following is part of the Basis and Purpose of the Amateur Radio Service?", - "answers": [ - "Providing personal radio communications for as many citizens as possible", - "Providing communications for international non-profit organizations", - "Advancing skills in the technical and communication phases of the radio art", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1A02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.1]", - "question": "Which agency regulates and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States?", - "answers": [ - "FEMA", - "Homeland Security", - "The FCC", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1A03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.119(b)(2)]", - "question": "What do the FCC rules state regarding the use of a phonetic alphabet for station identification in the Amateur Radio Service?", - "answers": [ - "It is required when transmitting emergency messages", - "It is encouraged", - "It is required when in contact with foreign stations", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1A04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.5(b)(1)]", - "question": "How many operator/primary station license grants may be held by any one person?", - "answers": [ - "One", - "No more than two", - "One for each band on which the person plans to operate", - "One for each permanent station location from which the person plans to operate" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1A05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.7]", - "question": "What proves that the FCC has issued an operator/primary license grant?", - "answers": [ - "A printed copy of the certificate of successful completion of examination", - "An email notification from the NCVEC granting the license", - "The license appears in the FCC ULS database", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1A06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.3(a)(9)]", - "question": "What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a beacon?", - "answers": [ - "A government transmitter marking the amateur radio band edges", - "A bulletin sent by the FCC to announce a national emergency", - "A continuous transmission of weather information authorized in the amateur bands by the National Weather Service", - "An amateur station transmitting communications for the purposes of observing propagation or related experimental activities" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1A07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.3(a)(41)]", - "question": "What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a space station?", - "answers": [ - "Any satellite orbiting Earth", - "A manned satellite orbiting Earth", - "An amateur station located more than 50 km above Earth's surface", - "An amateur station using amateur radio satellites for relay of signals" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1A08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.3(a)(22)]", - "question": "Which of the following entities recommends transmit/receive channels and other parameters for auxiliary and repeater stations?", - "answers": [ - "Frequency Spectrum Manager appointed by the FCC", - "Volunteer Frequency Coordinator recognized by local amateurs", - "FCC Regional Field Office", - "International Telecommunication Union" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1A09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.3(a)(22)]", - "question": "Who selects a Frequency Coordinator?", - "answers": [ - "The FCC Office of Spectrum Management and Coordination Policy", - "The local chapter of the Office of National Council of Independent Frequency Coordinators", - "Amateur operators in a local or regional area whose stations are eligible to be repeater or auxiliary stations", - "FCC Regional Field Office" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1A10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.3(a)(38), 97.407]", - "question": "What is the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES)?", - "answers": [ - "A radio service using amateur frequencies for emergency management or civil defense communications", - "A radio service using amateur stations for emergency management or civil defense communications", - "An emergency service using amateur operators certified by a civil defense organization as being enrolled in that organization", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1A11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.101 (d)]", - "question": "When is willful interference to other amateur radio stations permitted?", - "answers": [ - "To stop another amateur station that is breaking the FCC rules", - "At no time", - "When making short test transmissions", - "At any time, stations in the Amateur Radio Service are not protected from willful interference" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1B01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.301 (e)]", - "question": "Which of the following frequency ranges are available for phone operation by Technician licensees?", - "answers": [ - "28.050 MHz to 28.150 MHz", - "28.100 MHz to 28.300 MHz", - "28.300 MHz to 28.500 MHz", - "28.500 MHz to 28.600 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1B02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.301, 97.207(c)]", - "question": "Which amateurs may contact the International Space Station (ISS) on VHF bands?", - "answers": [ - "Any amateur holding a General class or higher license", - "Any amateur holding a Technician class or higher license", - "Any amateur holding a General class or higher license who has applied for and received approval from NASA", - "Any amateur holding a Technician class or higher license who has applied for and received approval from NASA" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1B03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.301(a)]", - "question": "Which frequency is in the 6 meter amateur band?", - "answers": [ - "49.00 MHz", - "52.525 MHz", - "28.50 MHz", - "222.15 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1B04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.301(a)]", - "question": "Which amateur band includes 146.52 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "6 meters", - "20 meters", - "70 centimeters", - "2 meters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1B05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.305(c)]", - "question": "How may amateurs use the 219 to 220 MHz segment of 1.25 meter band?", - "answers": [ - "Spread spectrum only", - "Fast-scan television only", - "Emergency traffic only", - "Fixed digital message forwarding systems only" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1B06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.301(e), 97.305]", - "question": "On which HF bands does a Technician class operator have phone privileges?", - "answers": [ - "None", - "10 meter band only", - "80 meter, 40 meter, 15 meter, and 10 meter bands", - "30 meter band only" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1B07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.305(a), (c)]", - "question": "Which of the following VHF/UHF band segments are limited to CW only?", - "answers": [ - "50.0 MHz to 50.1 MHz and 144.0 MHz to 144.1 MHz", - "219 MHz to 220 MHz and 420.0 MHz to 420.1 MHz", - "902.0 MHz to 902.1 MHz", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1B08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.303]", - "question": "How are US amateurs restricted in segments of bands where the Amateur Radio Service is secondary?", - "answers": [ - "U.S. amateurs may find non-amateur stations in those segments, and must avoid interfering with them", - "U.S. amateurs must give foreign amateur stations priority in those segments", - "International communications are not permitted in those segments", - "Digital transmissions are not permitted in those segments" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1B09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.101(a), 97.301(a-e)]", - "question": "Why should you not set your transmit frequency to be exactly at the edge of an amateur band or sub-band?", - "answers": [ - "To allow for calibration error in the transmitter frequency display", - "So that modulation sidebands do not extend beyond the band edge", - "To allow for transmitter frequency drift", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1B10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.305(c)]", - "question": "Where may SSB phone be used in amateur bands above 50 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "Only in sub-bands allocated to General class or higher licensees", - "Only on repeaters", - "In at least some segment of all these bands", - "On any band if the power is limited to 25 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1B11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.313]", - "question": "What is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators in their HF band segments?", - "answers": [ - "200 watts", - "100 watts", - "50 watts", - "10 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1B12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.313(b)]", - "question": "Except for some specific restrictions, what is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators using frequencies above 30 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "50 watts", - "100 watts", - "500 watts", - "1500 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1C01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.9(a), 97.17(a)]", - "question": "For which license classes are new licenses currently available from the FCC?", - "answers": [ - "Novice, Technician, General, Amateur Extra", - "Technician, Technician Plus, General, Amateur Extra", - "Novice, Technician Plus, General, Advanced", - "Technician, General, Amateur Extra" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1C02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.19]", - "question": "Who may select a desired call sign under the vanity call sign rules?", - "answers": [ - "Only a licensed amateur with a General or Amateur Extra Class license", - "Only a licensed amateur with an Amateur Extra Class license", - "Only a licensed amateur who has been licensed continuously for more than 10 years", - "Any licensed amateur" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1C03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.117]", - "question": "What types of international communications are an FCC-licensed amateur radio station permitted to make?", - "answers": [ - "Communications incidental to the purposes of the Amateur Radio Service and remarks of a personal character", - "Communications incidental to conducting business or remarks of a personal nature", - "Only communications incidental to contest exchanges; all other communications are prohibited", - "Any communications that would be permitted by an international broadcast station" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1C04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.23]", - "question": "What may happen if the FCC is unable to reach you by email?", - "answers": [ - "Fine and suspension of operator license", - "Revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license", - "Revocation of access to the license record in the FCC system", - "Nothing; there is no such requirement" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1C05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a valid Technician class call sign format?", - "answers": [ - "KF1XXX", - "KA1X", - "W1XX", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1C06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.5(a)(2)]", - "question": "From which of the following locations may an FCC-licensed amateur station transmit?", - "answers": [ - "From within any country that belongs to the International Telecommunication Union", - "From within any country that is a member of the United Nations", - "From anywhere within International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Regions 2 and 3", - "From any vessel or craft located in international waters and documented or registered in the United States" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1C07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.23]", - "question": "Which of the following can result in revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license?", - "answers": [ - "Failure to inform the FCC of any changes in the amateur station following performance of an RF safety environmental evaluation", - "Failure to provide and maintain a correct email address with the FCC", - "Failure to obtain FCC type acceptance prior to using a home-built transmitter", - "Failure to have a copy of your license available at your station" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1C08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.25]", - "question": "What is the normal term for an FCC-issued amateur radio license?", - "answers": [ - "Five years", - "Life", - "Ten years", - "Eight years" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1C09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.21(a)(b)]", - "question": "What is the grace period for renewal if an amateur license expires?", - "answers": [ - "Two years", - "Three years", - "Five years", - "Ten years" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1C10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.5a]", - "question": "How soon after passing the examination for your first amateur radio license may you transmit on the amateur radio bands?", - "answers": [ - "Immediately on receiving your Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE)", - "As soon as your operator/station license grant appears on the ARRL website", - "As soon as your operator/station license grant appears in the FCC’s license database", - "As soon as you receive your license in the mail from the FCC" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1C11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.21(b)]", - "question": "If your license has expired and is still within the allowable grace period, may you continue to transmit on the amateur radio bands?", - "answers": [ - "Yes, for up to two years", - "Yes, as soon as you apply for renewal", - "Yes, for up to one year", - "No, you must wait until the license has been renewed" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1D01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.111(a)(1)]", - "question": "With which countries are FCC-licensed amateur radio stations prohibited from exchanging communications?", - "answers": [ - "Any country whose administration has notified the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) that it objects to such communications", - "Any country whose administration has notified the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) that it objects to such communications", - "Any country banned from such communications by the International Amateur Radio Union (IARU)", - "Any country banned from making such communications by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL)" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1D02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.113(b), 97.111(b)]", - "question": "Under which of the following circumstances are one-way transmissions by an amateur station prohibited?", - "answers": [ - "In all circumstances", - "Broadcasting", - "International Morse Code Practice", - "Telecommand or transmissions of telemetry" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1D03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.211(b), 97.215(b), 97.113(a)(4)]", - "question": "When is it permissible to transmit messages encoded to obscure their meaning?", - "answers": [ - "Only during contests", - "Only when transmitting certain approved digital codes", - "Only when transmitting control commands to space stations or radio control craft", - "Never" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1D04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.113(a)(4), 97.113(c)]", - "question": "Under what conditions is an amateur station authorized to transmit music using a phone emission?", - "answers": [ - "When incidental to an authorized retransmission of manned spacecraft communications", - "When the music produces no spurious emissions", - "When transmissions are limited to less than three minutes per hour", - "When the music is transmitted above 1280 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1D05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.113(a)(3)(ii)]", - "question": "When may amateur radio operators use their stations to notify other amateurs of the availability of equipment for sale or trade?", - "answers": [ - "Never", - "When the equipment is not the personal property of either the station licensee, or the control operator, or their close relatives", - "When no profit is made on the sale", - "When selling amateur radio equipment and not on a regular basis" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1D06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.113(a)(4)]", - "question": "What, if any, are the restrictions concerning transmission of language that may be considered indecent or obscene?", - "answers": [ - "The FCC maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies", - "Any such language is prohibited", - "The ITU maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies", - "There is no such prohibition" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1D07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.113(d)]", - "question": "What types of amateur stations can automatically retransmit the signals of other amateur stations?", - "answers": [ - "Auxiliary, beacon, or Earth stations", - "Earth, repeater, or space stations", - "Beacon, repeater, or space stations", - "Repeater, auxiliary, or space stations" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1D08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.113(a)(3)(iii)]", - "question": "In which of the following circumstances may the control operator of an amateur station receive compensation for operating that station?", - "answers": [ - "When the communication is related to the sale of amateur equipment by the control operator's employer", - "When the communication is incidental to classroom instruction at an educational institution", - "When the communication is made to obtain emergency information for a local broadcast station", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1D09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.113(5)(b)]", - "question": "When may amateur stations transmit information in support of broadcasting, program production, or news gathering, assuming no other means is available?", - "answers": [ - "When such communications are directly related to the immediate safety of human life or protection of property", - "When broadcasting communications to or from the space shuttle", - "Where noncommercial programming is gathered and supplied exclusively to the National Public Radio network", - "Never" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1D10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.3(a)(10)]", - "question": "How does the FCC define broadcasting for the Amateur Radio Service?", - "answers": [ - "Two-way transmissions by amateur stations", - "Any transmission made by the licensed station", - "Transmission of messages directed only to amateur operators", - "Transmissions intended for reception by the general public" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1D11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.119(a)]", - "question": "When may an amateur station transmit without identifying on the air?", - "answers": [ - "When the transmissions are of a brief nature to make station adjustments", - "When the transmissions are unmodulated", - "When the transmitted power level is below 1 watt", - "When transmitting signals to control model craft" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1E01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.7(a)]", - "question": "When may an amateur station transmit without a control operator?", - "answers": [ - "When using automatic control, such as in the case of a repeater", - "When the station licensee is away and another licensed amateur is using the station", - "When the transmitting station is an auxiliary station", - "Never" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1E02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.301, 97.207(c)]", - "question": "Who may be the control operator of a station communicating through an amateur satellite or space station?", - "answers": [ - "Only an Amateur Extra Class operator", - "A General class or higher licensee with a satellite operator certification", - "Only an Amateur Extra Class operator who is also an AMSAT member", - "Any amateur allowed to transmit on the satellite uplink frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1E03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.103(b)]", - "question": "Who must designate the station control operator?", - "answers": [ - "The station licensee", - "The FCC", - "The frequency coordinator", - "Any licensed operator" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1E04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.103(b)]", - "question": "What determines the transmitting frequency privileges of an amateur station?", - "answers": [ - "The frequency authorized by the frequency coordinator", - "The frequencies printed on the license grant", - "The highest class of operator license held by anyone on the premises", - "The class of operator license held by the control operator" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1E05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.3(a)(14)]", - "question": "What is an amateur station’s control point?", - "answers": [ - "The location of the station’s transmitting antenna", - "The location of the station’s transmitting apparatus", - "The location at which the control operator function is performed", - "The mailing address of the station licensee" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1E06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.301]", - "question": "When, under normal circumstances, may a Technician class licensee be the control operator of a station operating in an Amateur Extra Class band segment?", - "answers": [ - "At no time", - "When designated as the control operator by an Amateur Extra Class licensee", - "As part of a multi-operator contest team", - "When using a club station whose trustee holds an Amateur Extra Class license" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1E07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.103(a)]", - "question": "When the control operator is not the station licensee, who is responsible for the proper operation of the station?", - "answers": [ - "All licensed amateurs who are present at the operation", - "Only the station licensee", - "Only the control operator", - "The control operator and the station licensee" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1E08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.3(a)(6), 97.205(d)]", - "question": "Which of the following is an example of automatic control?", - "answers": [ - "Repeater operation", - "Controlling a station over the internet", - "Using a computer or other device to send CW automatically", - "Using a computer or other device to identify automatically" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1E09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.109(c)]", - "question": "Which of the following are required for remote control operation?", - "answers": [ - "The control operator must be at the control point", - "A control operator is required at all times", - "The control operator must indirectly manipulate the controls", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1E10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.3(a)(39)]", - "question": "Which of the following is an example of remote control as defined in Part 97?", - "answers": [ - "Repeater operation", - "Operating the station over the internet", - "Controlling a model aircraft, boat, or car by amateur radio", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1E11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.103(a)]", - "question": "Who does the FCC presume to be the control operator of an amateur station, unless documentation to the contrary is in the station records?", - "answers": [ - "The station custodian", - "The third party participant", - "The person operating the station equipment", - "The station licensee" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1F01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.103(c)]", - "question": "When must the station and its records be available for FCC inspection?", - "answers": [ - "At any time ten days after notification by the FCC of such an inspection", - "At any time upon request by an FCC representative", - "At any time after written notification by the FCC of such inspection", - "Only when presented with a valid warrant by an FCC official or government agent" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1F02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.119 (a)]", - "question": "How often must you identify with your FCC-assigned call sign when using tactical call signs such as “Race Headquarters”?", - "answers": [ - "Never, the tactical call is sufficient", - "Once during every hour", - "At the end of each communication and every ten minutes during a communication", - "At the end of every transmission" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1F03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.119(a)]", - "question": "When are you required to transmit your assigned call sign?", - "answers": [ - "At the beginning of each contact, and every 10 minutes thereafter", - "At least once during each transmission", - "At least every 15 minutes during and at the end of a communication", - "At least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a communication" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1F04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.119(b)(2)]", - "question": "What language may you use for identification when operating in a phone sub-band?", - "answers": [ - "Any language recognized by the United Nations", - "Any language recognized by the ITU", - "English", - "English, French, or Spanish" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1F05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.119(b)(2)]", - "question": "What method of call sign identification is required for a station transmitting phone signals?", - "answers": [ - "Send the call sign followed by the indicator RPT", - "Send the call sign using a CW or phone emission", - "Send the call sign followed by the indicator R", - "Send the call sign using only a phone emission" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1F06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.119(c)]", - "question": "Which of the following self-assigned indicators are acceptable when using a phone transmission?", - "answers": [ - "KL7CC stroke W3", - "KL7CC slant W3", - "KL7CC slash W3", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1F07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.115(a)(2)]", - "question": "Which of the following restrictions apply when a non-licensed person is allowed to speak to a foreign station using a station under the control of a licensed amateur operator?", - "answers": [ - "The person must be a U.S. citizen", - "The foreign station must be in a country with which the U.S. has a third party agreement", - "The licensed control operator must do the station identification", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1F08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.3(a)(47)]", - "question": "What is the definition of third party communications?", - "answers": [ - "A message from a control operator to another amateur station control operator on behalf of another person", - "Amateur radio communications where three stations are in communications with one another", - "Operation when the transmitting equipment is licensed to a person other than the control operator", - "Temporary authorization for an unlicensed person to transmit on the amateur bands for technical experiments" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1F09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "[97.3(a)(40)]", - "question": "What type of amateur station simultaneously retransmits the signal of another amateur station on a different channel or channels?", - "answers": [ - "Beacon station", - "Earth station", - "Repeater station", - "Message forwarding station" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1F10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "[97.205(g)]", - "question": "Who is accountable if a repeater inadvertently retransmits communications that violate the FCC rules?", - "answers": [ - "The control operator of the originating station", - "The control operator of the repeater", - "The owner of the repeater", - "Both the originating station and the repeater owner" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T1F11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "[97.5(b)(2)]", - "question": "Which of the following is a requirement for the issuance of a club station license grant?", - "answers": [ - "The trustee must have an Amateur Extra Class operator license grant", - "The club must have at least four members", - "The club must be registered with the American Radio Relay League", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2A01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 2 meter band?", - "answers": [ - "Plus or minus 5 MHz", - "Plus or minus 600 kHz", - "Plus or minus 500 kHz", - "Plus or minus 1 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2A02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the national calling frequency for FM simplex operations in the 2 meter band?", - "answers": [ - "146.520 MHz", - "145.000 MHz", - "432.100 MHz", - "446.000 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2A03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 70 cm band?", - "answers": [ - "Plus or minus 5 MHz", - "Plus or minus 600 kHz", - "Plus or minus 500 kHz", - "Plus or minus 1 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2A04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an appropriate way to call another station on a repeater if you know the other station's call sign?", - "answers": [ - "Say \"break, break,\" then say the station's call sign", - "Say the station's call sign, then identify with your call sign", - "Say \"CQ\" three times, then the other station's call sign", - "Wait for the station to call CQ, then answer" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2A05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How should you respond to a station calling CQ?", - "answers": [ - "Transmit \"CQ\" followed by the other station’s call sign", - "Transmit your call sign followed by the other station’s call sign", - "Transmit the other station’s call sign followed by your call sign", - "Transmit a signal report followed by your call sign" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2A06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is required when making on-the-air test transmissions?", - "answers": [ - "Identify the transmitting station", - "Conduct tests only between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. local time", - "Notify the FCC of the transmissions", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2A07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is meant by \"repeater offset”?", - "answers": [ - "The difference between a repeater’s transmit and receive frequencies", - "The repeater has a time delay to prevent interference", - "The repeater station identification is done on a separate frequency", - "The number of simultaneous transmit frequencies used by a repeater" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2A08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the meaning of the procedural signal “CQ”?", - "answers": [ - "Call on the quarter hour", - "Test transmission, no reply expected", - "Only the called station should transmit", - "Calling any station" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2A09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following indicates that a station is listening on a repeater and looking for a contact?", - "answers": [ - "“CQ CQ” followed by the repeater’s call sign", - "The station’s call sign followed by the word “monitoring”", - "The repeater call sign followed by the station’s call sign", - "“QSY” followed by your call sign" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2A10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a band plan, beyond the privileges established by the FCC?", - "answers": [ - "A voluntary guideline for using different modes or activities within an amateur band", - "A list of operating schedules", - "A list of available net frequencies", - "A plan devised by a club to indicate frequency band usage" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2A11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What term describes an amateur station that is transmitting and receiving on the same frequency?", - "answers": [ - "Full duplex", - "Diplex", - "Simplex", - "Multiplex" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2A12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What should you do before calling CQ?", - "answers": [ - "Listen first to be sure that no one else is using the frequency", - "Ask if the frequency is in use", - "Make sure you are authorized to use that frequency", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2B01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is a VHF/UHF transceiver’s “reverse” function used?", - "answers": [ - "To reduce power output", - "To increase power output", - "To listen on a repeater’s input frequency", - "To listen on a repeater’s output frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2B02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What term describes the use of a sub-audible tone transmitted along with normal voice audio to open the squelch of a receiver?", - "answers": [ - "Carrier squelch", - "Tone burst", - "DTMF", - "CTCSS" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2B03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes a linked repeater network?", - "answers": [ - "A network of repeaters in which signals received by one repeater are transmitted by all the repeaters in the network", - "A single repeater with more than one receiver", - "Multiple repeaters with the same control operator", - "A system of repeaters linked by APRS" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2B04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following could be the reason you are unable to access a repeater whose output you can hear?", - "answers": [ - "Improper transceiver offset", - "You are using the wrong CTCSS tone", - "You are using the wrong DCS code", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2B05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What would cause your FM transmission audio to be distorted on voice peaks?", - "answers": [ - "Your repeater offset is inverted", - "You need to talk louder", - "You are talking too loudly", - "Your transmit power is too high" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2B06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of signaling uses pairs of audio tones?", - "answers": [ - "DTMF", - "CTCSS", - "GPRS", - "D-STAR" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2B07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How can you join a digital repeater’s “talkgroup”?", - "answers": [ - "Register your radio with the local FCC office", - "Join the repeater owner’s club", - "Program your radio with the group’s ID or code", - "Sign your call after the courtesy tone" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2B08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following applies when two stations transmitting on the same frequency interfere with each other?", - "answers": [ - "The stations should negotiate continued use of the frequency", - "Both stations should choose another frequency to avoid conflict", - "Interference is inevitable, so no action is required", - "Use subaudible tones so both stations can share the frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2B09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why are simplex channels designated in the VHF/UHF band plans?", - "answers": [ - "So stations within range of each other can communicate without tying up a repeater", - "For contest operation", - "For working DX only", - "So stations with simple transmitters can access the repeater without automated offset" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2B10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which Q signal indicates that you are receiving interference from other stations?", - "answers": [ - "QRM", - "QRN", - "QTH", - "QSB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2B11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which Q signal indicates that you are changing frequency?", - "answers": [ - "QRU", - "QSY", - "QSL", - "QRZ" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2B12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of the color code used on DMR repeater systems?", - "answers": [ - "Must match the repeater color code for access", - "Defines the frequency pair to use", - "Identifies the codec used", - "Defines the minimum signal level required for access" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2B13", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of a squelch function?", - "answers": [ - "Reduce a CW transmitter's key clicks", - "Mute the receiver audio when a signal is not present", - "Eliminate parasitic oscillations in an RF amplifier", - "Reduce interference from impulse noise" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2C01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "[97.103(a)]", - "question": "When do FCC rules NOT apply to the operation of an amateur station?", - "answers": [ - "When operating a RACES station", - "When operating under special FEMA rules", - "When operating under special ARES rules", - "FCC rules always apply" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2C02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following are typical duties of a Net Control Station?", - "answers": [ - "Choose the regular net meeting time and frequency", - "Ensure that all stations checking into the net are properly licensed for operation on the net frequency", - "Call the net to order and direct communications between stations checking in", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2C03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What technique is used to ensure that voice messages containing unusual words are received correctly?", - "answers": [ - "Send the words by voice and Morse code", - "Speak very loudly into the microphone", - "Spell the words using a standard phonetic alphabet", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2C04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is RACES?", - "answers": [ - "An emergency organization combining amateur radio and citizens band operators and frequencies", - "An international radio experimentation society", - "A radio contest held in a short period, sometimes called a “sprint”", - "An FCC part 97 amateur radio service for civil defense communications during national emergencies" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2C05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the term “traffic” refer to in net operation?", - "answers": [ - "Messages exchanged by net stations", - "The number of stations checking in and out of a net", - "Operation by mobile or portable stations", - "Requests to activate the net by a served agency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2C06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES)?", - "answers": [ - "A group of licensed amateurs who have voluntarily registered their qualifications and equipment for communications duty in the public service", - "A group of licensed amateurs who are members of the military and who voluntarily agreed to provide message handling services in the case of an emergency", - "A training program that provides licensing courses for those interested in obtaining an amateur license to use during emergencies", - "A training program that certifies amateur operators for membership in the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2C07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is standard practice when you participate in a net?", - "answers": [ - "When first responding to the net control station, transmit your call sign, name, and address as in the FCC database", - "Record the time of each of your transmissions", - "Unless you are reporting an emergency, transmit only when directed by the net control station", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2C08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a characteristic of good traffic handling?", - "answers": [ - "Passing messages exactly as received", - "Making decisions as to whether messages are worthy of relay or delivery", - "Ensuring that any newsworthy messages are relayed to the news media", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2C09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Are amateur station control operators ever permitted to operate outside the frequency privileges of their license class?", - "answers": [ - "No", - "Yes, but only when part of a FEMA emergency plan", - "Yes, but only when part of a RACES emergency plan", - "Yes, but only in situations involving the immediate safety of human life or protection of property" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2C10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What information is contained in the preamble of a formal traffic message?", - "answers": [ - "The email address of the originating station", - "The address of the intended recipient", - "The telephone number of the addressee", - "Information needed to track the message" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T2C11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is meant by “check” in a radiogram header?", - "answers": [ - "The number of words or word equivalents in the text portion of the message", - "The call sign of the originating station", - "A list of stations that have relayed the message", - "A box on the message form that indicates that the message was received and/or relayed" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3A01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why do VHF signal strengths sometimes vary greatly when the antenna is moved only a few feet?", - "answers": [ - "The signal path encounters different concentrations of water vapor", - "VHF ionospheric propagation is very sensitive to path length", - "Multipath propagation cancels or reinforces signals", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3A02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the effect of vegetation on UHF and microwave signals?", - "answers": [ - "Knife-edge diffraction", - "Absorption", - "Amplification", - "Polarization rotation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3A03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What antenna polarization is normally used for long-distance CW and SSB contacts on the VHF and UHF bands?", - "answers": [ - "Right-hand circular", - "Left-hand circular", - "Horizontal", - "Vertical" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3A04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What happens when antennas at opposite ends of a VHF or UHF line of sight radio link are not using the same polarization?", - "answers": [ - "The modulation sidebands might become inverted", - "Received signal strength is reduced", - "Signals have an echo effect", - "Nothing significant will happen" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3A05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "When using a directional antenna, how might your station be able to communicate with a distant repeater if buildings or obstructions are blocking the direct line of sight path?", - "answers": [ - "Change from vertical to horizontal polarization", - "Try to find a path that reflects signals to the repeater", - "Try the long path", - "Increase the antenna SWR" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3A06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the meaning of the term “picket fencing”?", - "answers": [ - "Alternating transmissions during a net operation", - "Rapid flutter on mobile signals due to multipath propagation", - "A type of ground system used with vertical antennas", - "Local vs long-distance communications" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3A07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What weather condition might decrease range at microwave frequencies?", - "answers": [ - "High winds", - "Low barometric pressure", - "Precipitation", - "Colder temperatures" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3A08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a likely cause of irregular fading of signals propagated by the ionosphere?", - "answers": [ - "Frequency shift due to Faraday rotation", - "Interference from thunderstorms", - "Intermodulation distortion", - "Random combining of signals arriving via different paths" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3A09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following results from the fact that signals propagated by the ionosphere are elliptically polarized?", - "answers": [ - "Digital modes are unusable", - "Either vertically or horizontally polarized antennas may be used for transmission or reception", - "FM voice is unusable", - "Both the transmitting and receiving antennas must be of the same polarization" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3A10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What effect does multi-path propagation have on data transmissions?", - "answers": [ - "Transmission rates must be increased by a factor equal to the number of separate paths observed", - "Transmission rates must be decreased by a factor equal to the number of separate paths observed", - "No significant changes will occur if the signals are transmitted using FM", - "Error rates are likely to increase" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3A11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which region of the atmosphere can refract or bend HF and VHF radio waves?", - "answers": [ - "The stratosphere", - "The troposphere", - "The ionosphere", - "The mesosphere" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3A12", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the effect of fog and rain on signals in the 10 meter and 6 meter bands?", - "answers": [ - "Absorption", - "There is little effect", - "Deflection", - "Range increase" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3B01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the relationship between the electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave?", - "answers": [ - "They travel at different speeds", - "They are in parallel", - "They revolve in opposite directions", - "They are at right angles" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3B02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What property of a radio wave defines its polarization?", - "answers": [ - "The orientation of the electric field", - "The orientation of the magnetic field", - "The ratio of the energy in the magnetic field to the energy in the electric field", - "The ratio of the velocity to the wavelength" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3B03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What are the two components of a radio wave?", - "answers": [ - "Impedance and reactance", - "Voltage and current", - "Electric and magnetic fields", - "Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3B04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the velocity of a radio wave traveling through free space?", - "answers": [ - "Speed of light", - "Speed of sound", - "Speed inversely proportional to its wavelength", - "Speed that increases as the frequency increases" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3B05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?", - "answers": [ - "Wavelength gets longer as frequency increases", - "Wavelength gets shorter as frequency increases", - "Wavelength and frequency are unrelated", - "Wavelength and frequency increase as path length increases" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3B06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the formula for converting frequency to approximate wavelength in meters?", - "answers": [ - "Wavelength in meters equals frequency in hertz multiplied by 300", - "Wavelength in meters equals frequency in hertz divided by 300", - "Wavelength in meters equals frequency in megahertz divided by 300", - "Wavelength in meters equals 300 divided by frequency in megahertz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3B07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "In addition to frequency, which of the following is used to identify amateur radio bands?", - "answers": [ - "The approximate wavelength in meters", - "Traditional letter/number designators", - "Channel numbers", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3B08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What frequency range is referred to as VHF?", - "answers": [ - "30 kHz to 300 kHz", - "30 MHz to 300 MHz", - "300 kHz to 3000 kHz", - "300 MHz to 3000 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3B09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What frequency range is referred to as UHF?", - "answers": [ - "30 to 300 kHz", - "30 to 300 MHz", - "300 to 3000 kHz", - "300 to 3000 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3B10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What frequency range is referred to as HF?", - "answers": [ - "300 to 3000 MHz", - "30 to 300 MHz", - "3 to 30 MHz", - "300 to 3000 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3B11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate velocity of a radio wave in free space?", - "answers": [ - "150,000 meters per second", - "300,000,000 meters per second", - "300,000,000 miles per hour", - "150,000 miles per hour" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3C01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why are simplex UHF signals rarely heard beyond their radio horizon?", - "answers": [ - "They are too weak to go very far", - "FCC regulations prohibit them from going more than 50 miles", - "UHF signals are usually not propagated by the ionosphere", - "UHF signals are absorbed by the ionospheric D region" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3C02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a characteristic of HF communication compared with communications on VHF and higher frequencies?", - "answers": [ - "HF antennas are generally smaller", - "HF accommodates wider bandwidth signals", - "Long-distance ionospheric propagation is far more common on HF", - "There is less atmospheric interference (static) on HF" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3C03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a characteristic of VHF signals received via auroral backscatter?", - "answers": [ - "They are often received from 10,000 miles or more", - "They are distorted and signal strength varies considerably", - "They occur only during winter nighttime hours", - "They are generally strongest when your antenna is aimed west" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3C04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following types of propagation is most commonly associated with occasional strong signals on the 10, 6, and 2 meter bands from beyond the radio horizon?", - "answers": [ - "Backscatter", - "Sporadic E", - "D region absorption", - "Gray-line propagation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3C05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following effects may allow radio signals to travel beyond obstructions between the transmitting and receiving stations?", - "answers": [ - "Knife-edge diffraction", - "Faraday rotation", - "Quantum tunneling", - "Doppler shift" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3C06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of propagation is responsible for allowing over-the-horizon VHF and UHF communications to ranges of approximately 300 miles on a regular basis?", - "answers": [ - "Tropospheric ducting", - "D region refraction", - "F2 region refraction", - "Faraday rotation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3C07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What band is best suited for communicating via meteor scatter?", - "answers": [ - "33 centimeters", - "6 meters", - "2 meters", - "70 centimeters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3C08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What causes tropospheric ducting?", - "answers": [ - "Discharges of lightning during electrical storms", - "Sunspots and solar flares", - "Updrafts from hurricanes and tornadoes", - "Temperature inversions in the atmosphere" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3C09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is generally the best time for long-distance 10 meter band propagation via the F region?", - "answers": [ - "From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of high sunspot activity", - "From shortly after sunset to dawn during periods of high sunspot activity", - "From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of low sunspot activity", - "From shortly after sunset to dawn during periods of low sunspot activity" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3C10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following bands may provide long-distance communications via the ionosphere’s F region during the peak of the sunspot cycle?", - "answers": [ - "6 and 10 meters", - "23 centimeters", - "70 centimeters and 1.25 meters", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T3C11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why is the radio horizon for VHF and UHF signals more distant than the visual horizon?", - "answers": [ - "Radio signals move somewhat faster than the speed of light", - "Radio waves are not blocked by dust particles", - "The atmosphere refracts radio waves slightly", - "Radio waves are blocked by dust particles" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4A01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is an appropriate power supply rating for a typical 50 watt output mobile FM transceiver?", - "answers": [ - "24.0 volts at 4 amperes", - "13.8 volts at 4 amperes", - "24.0 volts at 12 amperes", - "13.8 volts at 12 amperes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4A02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following should be considered when selecting an accessory SWR meter?", - "answers": [ - "The frequency and power level at which the measurements will be made", - "The distance that the meter will be located from the antenna", - "The types of modulation being used at the station", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4A03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why are short, heavy-gauge wires used for a transceiver’s DC power connection?", - "answers": [ - "To minimize voltage drop when transmitting", - "To provide a good counterpoise for the antenna", - "To avoid RF interference", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4A04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How are the transceiver audio input and output connected in a station configured to operate using FT8?", - "answers": [ - "To a computer running a terminal program and connected to a terminal node controller unit", - "To the audio input and output of a computer running WSJT-X software", - "To an FT8 conversion unit, a keyboard, and a computer monitor", - "To a computer connected to the FT8converter.com website" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4A05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Where should an RF power meter be installed?", - "answers": [ - "In the feed line, between the transmitter and antenna", - "At the power supply output", - "In parallel with the push-to-talk line and the antenna", - "In the power supply cable, as close as possible to the radio" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4A06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What signals are used in a computer-radio interface for digital mode operation?", - "answers": [ - "Receive and transmit mode, status, and location", - "Antenna and RF power", - "Receive audio, transmit audio, and transmitter keying", - "NMEA GPS location and DC power" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4A07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following connections is made between a computer and a transceiver to use computer software when operating digital modes?", - "answers": [ - "Computer “line out” to transceiver push-to-talk", - "Computer “line in” to transceiver push-to-talk", - "Computer “line in” to transceiver speaker connector", - "Computer “line out” to transceiver speaker connector" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4A08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following conductors is preferred for bonding at RF?", - "answers": [ - "Copper braid removed from coaxial cable", - "Steel wire", - "Twisted-pair cable", - "Flat copper strap" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4A09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How can you determine the length of time that equipment can be powered from a battery?", - "answers": [ - "Divide the watt-hour rating of the battery by the peak power consumption of the equipment", - "Divide the battery ampere-hour rating by the average current draw of the equipment", - "Multiply the watts per hour consumed by the equipment by the battery power rating", - "Multiply the square of the current rating of the battery by the input resistance of the equipment" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4A10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What function is performed with a transceiver and a digital mode hot spot?", - "answers": [ - "Communication using digital voice or data systems via the internet", - "FT8 digital communications via AFSK", - "RTTY encoding and decoding without a computer", - "High-speed digital communications for meteor scatter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4A11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Where should the negative power return of a mobile transceiver be connected in a vehicle?", - "answers": [ - "At the 12 volt battery chassis ground", - "At the antenna mount", - "To any metal part of the vehicle", - "Through the transceiver’s mounting bracket" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4A12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an electronic keyer?", - "answers": [ - "A device for switching antennas from transmit to receive", - "A device for voice activated switching from receive to transmit", - "A device that assists in manual sending of Morse code", - "An interlock to prevent unauthorized use of a radio" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4B01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the effect of excessive microphone gain on SSB transmissions?", - "answers": [ - "Frequency instability", - "Distorted transmitted audio", - "Increased SWR", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4B02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can be used to enter a transceiver’s operating frequency?", - "answers": [ - "The keypad or VFO knob", - "The CTCSS or DTMF encoder", - "The Automatic Frequency Control", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4B03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is squelch adjusted so that a weak FM signal can be heard?", - "answers": [ - "Set the squelch threshold so that receiver output audio is on all the time", - "Turn up the audio level until it overcomes the squelch threshold", - "Turn on the anti-squelch function", - "Enable squelch enhancement" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4B04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a way to enable quick access to a favorite frequency or channel on your transceiver?", - "answers": [ - "Enable the frequency offset", - "Store it in a memory channel", - "Enable the VOX", - "Use the scan mode to select the desired frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4B05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the scanning function of an FM transceiver do?", - "answers": [ - "Checks incoming signal deviation", - "Prevents interference to nearby repeaters", - "Tunes through a range of frequencies to check for activity", - "Checks for messages left on a digital bulletin board" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4B06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following controls could be used if the voice pitch of a single-sideband signal returning to your CQ call seems too high or low?", - "answers": [ - "The AGC or limiter", - "The bandwidth selection", - "The tone squelch", - "The RIT or Clarifier" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4B07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does a DMR “code plug” contain?", - "answers": [ - "Your call sign in CW for automatic identification", - "Access information for repeaters and talkgroups", - "The codec for digitizing audio", - "The DMR software version" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4B08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the advantage of having multiple receive bandwidth choices on a multimode transceiver?", - "answers": [ - "Permits monitoring several modes at once by selecting a separate filter for each mode", - "Permits noise or interference reduction by selecting a bandwidth matching the mode", - "Increases the number of frequencies that can be stored in memory", - "Increases the amount of offset between receive and transmit frequencies" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4B09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is a specific group of stations selected on a digital voice transceiver?", - "answers": [ - "By retrieving the frequencies from transceiver memory", - "By enabling the group’s CTCSS tone", - "By entering the group’s identification code", - "By activating automatic identification" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4B10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following receiver filter bandwidths provides the best signal-to-noise ratio for SSB reception?", - "answers": [ - "500 Hz", - "1000 Hz", - "2400 Hz", - "5000 Hz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4B11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following must be programmed into a D-STAR digital transceiver before transmitting?", - "answers": [ - "Your call sign", - "Your output power", - "The codec type being used", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T4B12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the result of tuning an FM receiver above or below a signal’s frequency?", - "answers": [ - "Change in audio pitch", - "Sideband inversion", - "Generation of a heterodyne tone", - "Distortion of the signal’s audio" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5A01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Electrical current is measured in which of the following units?", - "answers": [ - "Volts", - "Watts", - "Ohms", - "Amperes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5A02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Electrical power is measured in which of the following units?", - "answers": [ - "Volts", - "Watts", - "Watt-hours", - "Amperes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5A03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit?", - "answers": [ - "Voltage", - "Resistance", - "Capacitance", - "Current" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5A04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What are the units of electrical resistance?", - "answers": [ - "Siemens", - "Mhos", - "Ohms", - "Coulombs" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5A05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the electrical term for the force that causes electron flow?", - "answers": [ - "Voltage", - "Ampere-hours", - "Capacitance", - "Inductance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5A06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the unit of frequency?", - "answers": [ - "Hertz", - "Henry", - "Farad", - "Tesla" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5A07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why are metals generally good conductors of electricity?", - "answers": [ - "They have relatively high density", - "They have many free electrons", - "They have many free protons", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5A08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a good electrical insulator?", - "answers": [ - "Copper", - "Glass", - "Aluminum", - "Mercury" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5A09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes alternating current?", - "answers": [ - "Current that alternates between a positive direction and zero", - "Current that alternates between a negative direction and zero", - "Current that alternates between positive and negative directions", - "All these answers are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5A10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which term describes the rate at which electrical energy is used?", - "answers": [ - "Resistance", - "Current", - "Power", - "Voltage" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5A11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of current flow is opposed by resistance?", - "answers": [ - "Direct current", - "Alternating current", - "RF current", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5A12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What describes the number of times per second that an alternating current makes a complete cycle?", - "answers": [ - "Pulse rate", - "Speed", - "Wavelength", - "Frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5B01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How many milliamperes is 1.5 amperes?", - "answers": [ - "15 milliamperes", - "150 milliamperes", - "1500 milliamperes", - "15,000 milliamperes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5B02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which is equal to 1,500,000 hertz?", - "answers": [ - "1500 kHz", - "1500 MHz", - "15 GHz", - "150 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5B03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which is equal to one kilovolt?", - "answers": [ - "One one-thousandth of a volt", - "One hundred volts", - "One thousand volts", - "One million volts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5B04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which is equal to one microvolt?", - "answers": [ - "One one-millionth of a volt", - "One million volts", - "One thousand kilovolts", - "One one-thousandth of a volt" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5B05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which is equal to 500 milliwatts?", - "answers": [ - "0.02 watts", - "0.5 watts", - "5 watts", - "50 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5B06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which is equal to 3000 milliamperes?", - "answers": [ - "0.003 amperes", - "0.3 amperes", - "3,000,000 amperes", - "3 amperes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5B07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which is equal to 3.525 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "0.003525 kHz", - "35.25 kHz", - "3525 kHz", - "3,525,000 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5B08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which is equal to 1,000,000 picofarads?", - "answers": [ - "0.001 microfarads", - "1 microfarad", - "1000 microfarads", - "1,000,000,000 microfarads" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5B09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which decibel value most closely represents a power increase from 5 watts to 10 watts?", - "answers": [ - "2 dB", - "3 dB", - "5 dB", - "10 dB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5B10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which decibel value most closely represents a power decrease from 12 watts to 3 watts?", - "answers": [ - "-1 dB", - "-3 dB", - "-6 dB", - "-9 dB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5B11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which decibel value represents a power increase from 20 watts to 200 watts?", - "answers": [ - "10 dB", - "12 dB", - "18 dB", - "28 dB" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5B12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which is equal to 28400 kHz?", - "answers": [ - "28.400 kHz", - "2.800 MHz", - "284.00 MHz", - "28.400 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5B13", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which is equal to 2425 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "0.002425 GHz", - "24.25 GHz", - "2.425 GHz", - "2425 GHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5C01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What describes the ability to store energy in an electric field?", - "answers": [ - "Inductance", - "Resistance", - "Tolerance", - "Capacitance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5C02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the unit of capacitance?", - "answers": [ - "The farad", - "The ohm", - "The volt", - "The henry" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5C03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What describes the ability to store energy in a magnetic field?", - "answers": [ - "Admittance", - "Capacitance", - "Resistance", - "Inductance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5C04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the unit of inductance?", - "answers": [ - "The coulomb", - "The farad", - "The henry", - "The ohm" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5C05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the unit of impedance?", - "answers": [ - "The volt", - "The ampere", - "The coulomb", - "The ohm" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5C06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the abbreviation “RF” mean?", - "answers": [ - "Radio frequency signals of all types", - "The resonant frequency of a tuned circuit", - "The real frequency transmitted as opposed to the apparent frequency", - "Reflective force in antenna transmission lines" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5C07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the abbreviation for megahertz?", - "answers": [ - "MH", - "mh", - "Mhz", - "MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5C08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the formula used to calculate electrical power (P) in a DC circuit?", - "answers": [ - "P = I × E", - "P = E / I", - "P = E – I", - "P = I + E" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5C09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How much power is delivered by a voltage of 13.8 volts DC and a current of 10 amperes?", - "answers": [ - "138 watts", - "0.7 watts", - "23.8 watts", - "3.8 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5C10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How much power is delivered by a voltage of 12 volts DC and a current of 2.5 amperes?", - "answers": [ - "4.8 watts", - "30 watts", - "14.5 watts", - "0.208 watts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5C11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How much current is required to deliver 120 watts at a voltage of 12 volts DC?", - "answers": [ - "0.1 amperes", - "10 amperes", - "12 amperes", - "132 amperes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5C12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is impedance?", - "answers": [ - "The opposition to AC current flow", - "The inverse of resistance", - "The Q or Quality Factor of a component", - "The power handling capability of a component" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5C13", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the abbreviation for kilohertz?", - "answers": [ - "KHZ", - "khz", - "khZ", - "kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5D01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What formula is used to calculate current in a circuit?", - "answers": [ - "I = E × R", - "I = E / R", - "I = E + R", - "I = E - R" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5D02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What formula is used to calculate voltage in a circuit?", - "answers": [ - "E = I x R", - "E = I / R", - "E = I + R", - "E = I - R" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5D03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What formula is used to calculate resistance in a circuit?", - "answers": [ - "R = E x I", - "R = E / I", - "R = E + I", - "R = E - I" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5D04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the resistance of a circuit in which a current of 3 amperes flows when connected to 90 volts?", - "answers": [ - "3 ohms", - "30 ohms", - "93 ohms", - "270 ohms" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5D05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the resistance of a circuit for which the applied voltage is 12 volts and the current flow is 1.5 amperes?", - "answers": [ - "18 ohms", - "0.125 ohms", - "8 ohms", - "13.5 ohms" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5D06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the resistance of a circuit that draws 4 amperes from a 12-volt source?", - "answers": [ - "3 ohms", - "16 ohms", - "48 ohms", - "8 ohms" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5D07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the current in a circuit with an applied voltage of 120 volts and a resistance of 80 ohms?", - "answers": [ - "9600 amperes", - "200 amperes", - "0.667 amperes", - "1.5 amperes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5D08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the current through a 100-ohm resistor connected across 200 volts?", - "answers": [ - "20,000 amperes", - "0.5 amperes", - "2 amperes", - "100 amperes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5D09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the current through a 24-ohm resistor connected across 240 volts?", - "answers": [ - "24,000 amperes", - "0.1 amperes", - "10 amperes", - "216 amperes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5D10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the voltage across a 2-ohm resistor if a current of 0.5 amperes flows through it?", - "answers": [ - "1 volt", - "0.25 volts", - "2.5 volts", - "1.5 volts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5D11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 1 ampere flows through it?", - "answers": [ - "1 volt", - "10 volts", - "11 volts", - "9 volts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5D12", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 2 amperes flows through it?", - "answers": [ - "8 volts", - "0.2 volts", - "12 volts", - "20 volts" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5D13", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "In which type of circuit is DC current the same through all components?", - "answers": [ - "Series", - "Parallel", - "Resonant", - "Branch" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T5D14", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "In which type of circuit is voltage the same across all components?", - "answers": [ - "Series", - "Parallel", - "Resonant", - "Branch" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6A01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What electrical component opposes the flow of current in a DC circuit?", - "answers": [ - "Inductor", - "Resistor", - "Inverter", - "Transformer" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6A02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of component is often used as an adjustable volume control?", - "answers": [ - "Fixed resistor", - "Power resistor", - "Potentiometer", - "Transformer" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6A03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What electrical parameter is controlled by a potentiometer?", - "answers": [ - "Inductance", - "Resistance", - "Capacitance", - "Field strength" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6A04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What electrical component stores energy in an electric field?", - "answers": [ - "Varistor", - "Capacitor", - "Inductor", - "Diode" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6A05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of electrical component consists of conductive surfaces separated by an insulator?", - "answers": [ - "Resistor", - "Potentiometer", - "Oscillator", - "Capacitor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6A06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of electrical component stores energy in a magnetic field?", - "answers": [ - "Varistor", - "Capacitor", - "Inductor", - "Diode" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6A07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What electrical component is typically constructed as a coil of wire?", - "answers": [ - "Switch", - "Capacitor", - "Diode", - "Inductor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6A08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the function of an SPDT switch?", - "answers": [ - "A single circuit is opened or closed", - "Two circuits are opened or closed", - "A single circuit is switched between one of two other circuits", - "Two circuits are each switched between one of two other circuits" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6A09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What electrical component is used to protect other circuit components from current overloads?", - "answers": [ - "Fuse", - "Thyratron", - "Varactor", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6A10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following battery chemistries is rechargeable?", - "answers": [ - "Nickel-metal hydride", - "Lithium-ion", - "Lead-acid", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6A11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following battery chemistries is not rechargeable?", - "answers": [ - "Nickel-cadmium", - "Carbon-zinc", - "Lead-acid", - "Lithium-ion" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6A12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of switch is represented by component 3 in figure T-2?", - "answers": [ - "Single-pole single-throw", - "Single-pole double-throw", - "Double-pole single-throw", - "Double-pole double-throw" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6B01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which is true about forward voltage drop in a diode?", - "answers": [ - "It is lower in some diode types than in others", - "It is proportional to peak inverse voltage", - "It indicates that the diode is defective", - "It has no impact on the voltage delivered to the load" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6B02", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What electronic component allows current to flow in only one direction?", - "answers": [ - "Resistor", - "Fuse", - "Diode", - "Driven element" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6B03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of these components can be used as an electronic switch?", - "answers": [ - "Varistor", - "Potentiometer", - "Transistor", - "Thermistor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6B04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following components can consist of three regions of semiconductor material?", - "answers": [ - "Alternator", - "Transistor", - "Triode", - "Pentagrid converter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6B05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of transistor has a gate, drain, and source?", - "answers": [ - "Varistor", - "Field-effect", - "Tesla-effect", - "Bipolar junction" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6B06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is the cathode lead of a semiconductor diode often marked on the package?", - "answers": [ - "With the word \"cathode\"", - "With a stripe", - "With the letter C", - "With the letter K" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6B07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What causes a light-emitting diode (LED) to emit light?", - "answers": [ - "Forward current", - "Reverse current", - "Capacitively-coupled RF signal", - "Inductively-coupled RF signal" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6B08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the abbreviation FET stand for?", - "answers": [ - "Frequency Emission Transmitter", - "Fast Electron Transistor", - "Free Electron Transmitter", - "Field Effect Transistor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6B09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What are the names for the electrodes of a diode?", - "answers": [ - "Plus and minus", - "Source and drain", - "Anode and cathode", - "Gate and base" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6B10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can provide power gain?", - "answers": [ - "Transformer", - "Transistor", - "Reactor", - "Resistor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6B11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the term that describes a device's ability to amplify a signal?", - "answers": [ - "Gain", - "Forward resistance", - "Forward voltage drop", - "On resistance" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6B12", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What are the names of the electrodes of a bipolar junction transistor?", - "answers": [ - "Signal, bias, power", - "Emitter, base, collector", - "Input, output, supply", - "Pole one, pole two, output" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6C01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the name of an electrical wiring diagram that uses standard component symbols?", - "answers": [ - "Bill of materials", - "Connector pinout", - "Schematic", - "Flow chart" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6C02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is component 1 in figure T-1?", - "answers": [ - "Resistor", - "Transistor", - "Battery", - "Connector" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6C03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is component 2 in figure T-1?", - "answers": [ - "Resistor", - "Transistor", - "Indicator lamp", - "Connector" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6C04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is component 3 in figure T-1?", - "answers": [ - "Resistor", - "Transistor", - "Lamp", - "Ground symbol" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6C05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is component 4 in figure T-1?", - "answers": [ - "Resistor", - "Transistor", - "Ground symbol", - "Battery" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6C06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is component 6 in figure T-2?", - "answers": [ - "Resistor", - "Capacitor", - "Regulator IC", - "Transistor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6C07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is component 8 in figure T-2?", - "answers": [ - "Resistor", - "Inductor", - "Regulator IC", - "Light emitting diode" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6C08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is component 9 in figure T-2?", - "answers": [ - "Variable capacitor", - "Variable inductor", - "Variable resistor", - "Variable transformer" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6C09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is component 4 in figure T-2?", - "answers": [ - "Variable inductor", - "Double-pole switch", - "Potentiometer", - "Transformer" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6C10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is component 3 in figure T-3?", - "answers": [ - "Connector", - "Meter", - "Variable capacitor", - "Variable inductor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6C11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is component 4 in figure T-3?", - "answers": [ - "Antenna", - "Transmitter", - "Dummy load", - "Ground" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6C12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is accurately represented in electrical schematics?", - "answers": [ - "Wire lengths", - "Physical appearance of components", - "Component connections", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6D01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following devices or circuits changes an alternating current into a varying direct current signal?", - "answers": [ - "Transformer", - "Rectifier", - "Amplifier", - "Reflector" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6D02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a relay?", - "answers": [ - "An electrically-controlled switch", - "A current controlled amplifier", - "An inverting amplifier", - "A pass transistor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6D03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a reason to use shielded wire?", - "answers": [ - "To decrease the resistance of DC power connections", - "To increase the current carrying capability of the wire", - "To prevent coupling of unwanted signals to or from the wire", - "To couple the wire to other signals" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6D04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following displays an electrical quantity as a numeric value?", - "answers": [ - "Potentiometer", - "Transistor", - "Meter", - "Relay" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6D05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of circuit controls the amount of voltage from a power supply?", - "answers": [ - "Regulator", - "Oscillator", - "Filter", - "Phase inverter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6D06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What component changes 120 V AC power to a lower AC voltage for other uses?", - "answers": [ - "Variable capacitor", - "Transformer", - "Transistor", - "Diode" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6D07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is commonly used as a visual indicator?", - "answers": [ - "LED", - "FET", - "Zener diode", - "Bipolar transistor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6D08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is combined with an inductor to make a resonant circuit?", - "answers": [ - "Resistor", - "Zener diode", - "Potentiometer", - "Capacitor" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6D09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the name of a device that combines several semiconductors and other components into one package?", - "answers": [ - "Transducer", - "Multi-pole relay", - "Integrated circuit", - "Transformer" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6D10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the function of component 2 in figure T-1?", - "answers": [ - "Give off light when current flows through it", - "Supply electrical energy", - "Control the flow of current", - "Convert electrical energy into radio waves" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T6D11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a resonant or tuned circuit?", - "answers": [ - "An inductor and a capacitor in series or parallel", - "A linear voltage regulator", - "A resistor circuit used for reducing standing wave ratio", - "A circuit designed to provide high-fidelity audio" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7A01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which term describes the ability of a receiver to detect the presence of a signal?", - "answers": [ - "Linearity", - "Sensitivity", - "Selectivity", - "Total Harmonic Distortion" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7A02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a transceiver?", - "answers": [ - "A device that combines a receiver and transmitter", - "A device for matching feed line impedance to 50 ohms", - "A device for automatically sending and decoding Morse code", - "A device for converting receiver and transmitter frequencies to another band" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7A03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is used to convert a signal from one frequency to another?", - "answers": [ - "Phase splitter", - "Mixer", - "Inverter", - "Amplifier" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7A04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which term describes the ability of a receiver to discriminate between multiple signals?", - "answers": [ - "Discrimination ratio", - "Sensitivity", - "Selectivity", - "Harmonic distortion" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7A05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the name of a circuit that generates a signal at a specific frequency?", - "answers": [ - "Reactance modulator", - "Phase modulator", - "Low-pass filter", - "Oscillator" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7A06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What device converts the RF input and output of a transceiver to another band?", - "answers": [ - "High-pass filter", - "Low-pass filter", - "Transverter", - "Phase converter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7A07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the function of a transceiver’s PTT input?", - "answers": [ - "Input for a key used to send CW", - "Switches transceiver from receive to transmit when grounded", - "Provides a transmit tuning tone when grounded", - "Input for a preamplifier tuning tone" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7A08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes combining speech with an RF carrier signal?", - "answers": [ - "Impedance matching", - "Oscillation", - "Modulation", - "Low-pass filtering" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7A09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the function of the SSB/CW-FM switch on a VHF power amplifier?", - "answers": [ - "Change the mode of the transmitted signal", - "Set the amplifier for proper operation in the selected mode", - "Change the frequency range of the amplifier to operate in the proper segment of the band", - "Reduce the received signal noise" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7A10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What device increases the transmitted output power from a transceiver?", - "answers": [ - "A voltage divider", - "An RF power amplifier", - "An impedance network", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7A11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Where is an RF preamplifier installed?", - "answers": [ - "Between the antenna and receiver", - "At the output of the transmitter power amplifier", - "Between the transmitter and the antenna tuner", - "At the output of the receiver audio amplifier" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7B01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What can you do if you are told your FM handheld or mobile transceiver is over-deviating?", - "answers": [ - "Talk louder into the microphone", - "Let the transceiver cool off", - "Change to a higher power level", - "Talk farther away from the microphone" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7B02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What would cause a broadcast AM or FM radio to receive an amateur radio transmission unintentionally?", - "answers": [ - "The receiver is unable to reject strong signals outside the AM or FM band", - "The microphone gain of the transmitter is turned up too high", - "The audio amplifier of the transmitter is overloaded", - "The deviation of an FM transmitter is set too low" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7B03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can cause radio frequency interference?", - "answers": [ - "Fundamental overload", - "Harmonics", - "Spurious emissions", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7B04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following could you use to cure distorted audio caused by RF current on the shield of a microphone cable?", - "answers": [ - "Band-pass filter", - "Low-pass filter", - "Preamplifier", - "Ferrite choke" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7B05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How can fundamental overload of a non-amateur radio or TV receiver by an amateur signal be reduced or eliminated?", - "answers": [ - "Block the amateur signal with a filter at the antenna input of the affected receiver", - "Block the interfering signal with a filter on the amateur transmitter", - "Switch the transmitter from FM to SSB", - "Switch the transmitter to a narrow-band mode" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7B06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following actions should you take if a neighbor tells you that your station’s transmissions are interfering with their radio or TV reception?", - "answers": [ - "Make sure that your station is functioning properly and that it does not cause interference to your own radio or television when it is tuned to the same channel", - "Immediately turn off your transmitter and contact the nearest FCC office for assistance", - "Install a harmonic doubler on the output of your transmitter and tune it until the interference is eliminated", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7B07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can reduce overload of a VHF transceiver by a nearby commercial FM station?", - "answers": [ - "Installing an RF preamplifier", - "Using double-shielded coaxial cable", - "Installing bypass capacitors on the microphone cable", - "Installing a band-reject filter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7B08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What should you do if something in a neighbor’s home is causing harmful interference to your amateur station?", - "answers": [ - "Work with your neighbor to identify the offending device", - "Politely inform your neighbor that FCC rules prohibit the use of devices that cause interference", - "Make sure your station meets the standards of good amateur practice", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7B09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What should be the first step to resolve non-fiber optic cable TV interference caused by your amateur radio transmission?", - "answers": [ - "Add a low-pass filter to the TV antenna input", - "Add a high-pass filter to the TV antenna input", - "Add a preamplifier to the TV antenna input", - "Be sure all TV feed line coaxial connectors are installed properly" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7B10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What might be a problem if you receive a report that your audio signal through an FM repeater is distorted or unintelligible?", - "answers": [ - "Your transmitter is slightly off frequency", - "Your batteries are running low", - "You are in a bad location", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7B11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a symptom of RF feedback in a transmitter or transceiver?", - "answers": [ - "Excessive SWR at the antenna connection", - "The transmitter will not stay on the desired frequency", - "Reports of garbled, distorted, or unintelligible voice transmissions", - "Frequent blowing of power supply fuses" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7C01", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the primary purpose of a dummy load?", - "answers": [ - "To prevent transmitting signals over the air when making tests", - "To prevent over-modulation of a transmitter", - "To improve the efficiency of an antenna", - "To improve the signal-to-noise ratio of a receiver" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7C02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is used to determine if an antenna is resonant at the desired operating frequency?", - "answers": [ - "A VTVM", - "An antenna analyzer", - "A Q meter", - "A frequency counter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7C03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does a dummy load consist of?", - "answers": [ - "A high-gain amplifier and a TR switch", - "A non-inductive resistor mounted on a heat sink", - "A low-voltage power supply and a DC relay", - "A 50-ohm reactance used to terminate a transmission line" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7C04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What reading on an SWR meter indicates a perfect impedance match between the antenna and the feed line?", - "answers": [ - "50:50", - "Zero", - "1:1", - "Full Scale" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7C05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why do most solid-state transmitters reduce output power as SWR increases beyond a certain level?", - "answers": [ - "To protect the output amplifier transistors", - "To comply with FCC rules on spectral purity", - "Because power supplies cannot supply enough current at high SWR", - "To lower the SWR on the transmission line" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7C06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does an SWR reading of 4:1 indicate?", - "answers": [ - "Loss of -4 dB", - "Good impedance match", - "Gain of +4 dB", - "Impedance mismatch" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7C07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What happens to power lost in a feed line?", - "answers": [ - "It increases the SWR", - "It is radiated as harmonics", - "It is converted into heat", - "It distorts the signal" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7C08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which instrument can be used to determine SWR?", - "answers": [ - "Voltmeter", - "Ohmmeter", - "Iambic pentameter", - "Directional wattmeter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7C09", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following causes failure of coaxial cables?", - "answers": [ - "Moisture contamination", - "Solder flux contamination", - "Rapid fluctuation in transmitter output power", - "Operation at 100% duty cycle for an extended period" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7C10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why should the outer jacket of coaxial cable be resistant to ultraviolet light?", - "answers": [ - "Ultraviolet resistant jackets prevent harmonic radiation", - "Ultraviolet light can increase losses in the cable’s jacket", - "Ultraviolet and RF signals can mix, causing interference", - "Ultraviolet light can damage the jacket and allow water to enter the cable" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7C11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a disadvantage of air core coaxial cable when compared to foam or solid dielectric types?", - "answers": [ - "It has more loss per foot", - "It cannot be used for VHF or UHF antennas", - "It requires special techniques to prevent moisture in the cable", - "It cannot be used at below freezing temperatures" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7D01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which instrument would you use to measure electric potential?", - "answers": [ - "An ammeter", - "A voltmeter", - "A wavemeter", - "An ohmmeter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7D02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is a voltmeter connected to a component to measure applied voltage?", - "answers": [ - "In series", - "In parallel", - "In quadrature", - "In phase" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7D03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "When configured to measure current, how is a multimeter connected to a component?", - "answers": [ - "In series", - "In parallel", - "In quadrature", - "In phase" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7D04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which instrument is used to measure electric current?", - "answers": [ - "An ohmmeter", - "An electrometer", - "A voltmeter", - "An ammeter" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7D06", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following can damage a multimeter?", - "answers": [ - "Attempting to measure resistance using the voltage setting", - "Failing to connect one of the probes to ground", - "Attempting to measure voltage when using the resistance setting", - "Not allowing it to warm up properly" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7D07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following measurements are made using a multimeter?", - "answers": [ - "Signal strength and noise", - "Impedance and reactance", - "Voltage and resistance", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7D08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following types of solder should not be used for radio and electronic applications?", - "answers": [ - "Acid-core solder", - "Lead-tin solder", - "Rosin-core solder", - "Tin-copper solder" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7D09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the characteristic appearance of a cold tin-lead solder joint?", - "answers": [ - "Dark black spots", - "A bright or shiny surface", - "A rough or lumpy surface", - "Excessive solder" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7D10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What reading indicates that an ohmmeter is connected across a large, discharged capacitor?", - "answers": [ - "Increasing resistance with time", - "Decreasing resistance with time", - "Steady full-scale reading", - "Alternating between open and short circuit" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T7D11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following precautions should be taken when measuring in-circuit resistance with an ohmmeter?", - "answers": [ - "Ensure that the applied voltages are correct", - "Ensure that the circuit is not powered", - "Ensure that the circuit is grounded", - "Ensure that the circuit is operating at the correct frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8A01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a form of amplitude modulation?", - "answers": [ - "Spread spectrum", - "Packet radio", - "Single sideband", - "Phase shift keying (PSK)" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8A02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of modulation is commonly used for VHF packet radio transmissions?", - "answers": [ - "FM or PM", - "SSB", - "AM", - "PSK" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8A03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which type of voice mode is often used for long-distance (weak signal) contacts on the VHF and UHF bands?", - "answers": [ - "FM", - "DRM", - "SSB", - "PM" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8A04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which type of modulation is commonly used for VHF and UHF voice repeaters?", - "answers": [ - "AM", - "SSB", - "PSK", - "FM or PM" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8A05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following types of signal has the narrowest bandwidth?", - "answers": [ - "FM voice", - "SSB voice", - "CW", - "Slow-scan TV" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8A06", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which sideband is normally used for 10 meter HF, VHF, and UHF single-sideband communications?", - "answers": [ - "Upper sideband", - "Lower sideband", - "Suppressed sideband", - "Inverted sideband" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8A07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a characteristic of single sideband (SSB) compared to FM?", - "answers": [ - "SSB signals are easier to tune in correctly", - "SSB signals are less susceptible to interference", - "SSB signals have narrower bandwidth", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8A08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate bandwidth of a typical single sideband (SSB) voice signal?", - "answers": [ - "1 kHz", - "3 kHz", - "6 kHz", - "15 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8A09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate bandwidth of a VHF repeater FM voice signal?", - "answers": [ - "Less than 500 Hz", - "About 150 kHz", - "Between 10 and 15 kHz", - "Between 50 and 125 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8A10", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate bandwidth of AM fast-scan TV transmissions?", - "answers": [ - "More than 10 MHz", - "About 6 MHz", - "About 3 MHz", - "About 1 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8A11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate bandwidth required to transmit a CW signal?", - "answers": [ - "2.4 kHz", - "150 Hz", - "1000 Hz", - "15 kHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8A12", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a disadvantage of FM compared with single sideband?", - "answers": [ - "Voice quality is poorer", - "Only one signal can be received at a time", - "FM signals are harder to tune", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8B01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What telemetry information is typically transmitted by satellite beacons?", - "answers": [ - "The signal strength of received signals", - "Time of day accurate to plus or minus 1/10 second", - "Health and status of the satellite", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8B02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the impact of using excessive effective radiated power on a satellite uplink?", - "answers": [ - "Possibility of commanding the satellite to an improper mode", - "Blocking access by other users", - "Overloading the satellite batteries", - "Possibility of rebooting the satellite control computer" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8B03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following are provided by satellite tracking programs?", - "answers": [ - "Maps showing the real-time position of the satellite track over Earth", - "The time, azimuth, and elevation of the start, maximum altitude, and end of a pass", - "The apparent frequency of the satellite transmission, including effects of Doppler shift", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8B04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What mode of transmission is commonly used by amateur radio satellites?", - "answers": [ - "SSB", - "FM", - "CW/data", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8B05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a satellite beacon?", - "answers": [ - "The primary transmit antenna on the satellite", - "An indicator light that shows where to point your antenna", - "A reflective surface on the satellite", - "A transmission from a satellite that contains status information" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8B06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following are inputs to a satellite tracking program?", - "answers": [ - "The satellite transmitted power", - "The Keplerian elements", - "The last observed time of zero Doppler shift", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8B07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is Doppler shift in reference to satellite communications?", - "answers": [ - "A change in the satellite orbit", - "A mode where the satellite receives signals on one band and transmits on another", - "An observed change in signal frequency caused by relative motion between the satellite and Earth station", - "A special digital communications mode for some satellites" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8B08", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is meant by the statement that a satellite is operating in U/V mode?", - "answers": [ - "The satellite uplink is in the 15 meter band and the downlink is in the 10 meter band", - "The satellite uplink is in the 70 centimeter band and the downlink is in the 2 meter band", - "The satellite operates using ultraviolet frequencies", - "The satellite frequencies are usually variable" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8B09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What causes spin fading of satellite signals?", - "answers": [ - "Circular polarized noise interference radiated from the sun", - "Rotation of the satellite and its antennas", - "Doppler shift of the received signal", - "Interfering signals within the satellite uplink band" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8B10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a LEO satellite?", - "answers": [ - "A sun synchronous satellite", - "A highly elliptical orbit satellite", - "A satellite in low energy operation mode", - "A satellite in low earth orbit" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8B11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Who may receive telemetry from a space station?", - "answers": [ - "Anyone", - "A licensed radio amateur with a transmitter equipped for interrogating the satellite", - "A licensed radio amateur who has been certified by the protocol developer", - "A licensed radio amateur who has registered for an access code from AMSAT" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8B12", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a way to determine whether your satellite uplink power is neither too low nor too high?", - "answers": [ - "Check your signal strength report in the telemetry data", - "Listen for distortion on your downlink signal", - "Your signal strength on the downlink should be about the same as the beacon", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8C01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following methods is used to locate sources of noise interference or jamming?", - "answers": [ - "Echolocation", - "Doppler radar", - "Radio direction finding", - "Phase locking" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8C02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of these items would be useful for a hidden transmitter hunt?", - "answers": [ - "Calibrated SWR meter", - "A directional antenna", - "A calibrated noise bridge", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8C03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What operating activity involves contacting as many stations as possible during a specified period?", - "answers": [ - "Simulated emergency exercises", - "Net operations", - "Public service events", - "Contesting" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8C04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is good procedure when contacting another station in a contest?", - "answers": [ - "Sign only the last two letters of your call if there are many other stations calling", - "Contact the station twice to be sure that you are in his log", - "Send only the minimum information needed for proper identification and the contest exchange", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8C05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a grid locator?", - "answers": [ - "A letter-number designator assigned to a geographic location", - "A letter-number designator assigned to an azimuth and elevation", - "An instrument for neutralizing a final amplifier", - "An instrument for radio direction finding" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8C06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How is over the air access to IRLP nodes accomplished?", - "answers": [ - "By obtaining a password that is sent via voice to the node", - "By using DTMF signals", - "By entering the proper internet password", - "By using CTCSS tone codes" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8C07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)?", - "answers": [ - "A set of rules specifying how to identify your station when linked over the internet to another station", - "A technique employed to “spot” DX stations via the internet", - "A technique for measuring the modulation quality of a transmitter using remote sites monitored via the internet", - "A method of delivering voice communications over the internet using digital techniques" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8C08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the Internet Radio Linking Project (IRLP)?", - "answers": [ - "A technique to connect amateur radio systems, such as repeaters, via the internet using Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)", - "A system for providing access to websites via amateur radio", - "A system for informing amateurs in real time of the frequency of active DX stations", - "A technique for measuring signal strength of an amateur transmitter via the internet" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8C09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following protocols enables an amateur station to transmit through a repeater without using a radio to initiate the transmission?", - "answers": [ - "IRLP", - "D-STAR", - "DMR", - "EchoLink" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8C10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is required before using the EchoLink system?", - "answers": [ - "Complete the required EchoLink training", - "Purchase a license to use the EchoLink software", - "Register your call sign and provide proof of license", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8C11", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an amateur radio station that connects other amateur stations to the internet?", - "answers": [ - "A gateway", - "A repeater", - "A digipeater", - "A beacon" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8D01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a digital communications mode?", - "answers": [ - "Packet radio", - "IEEE 802.11", - "FT8", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8D02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a “talkgroup” on a DMR repeater?", - "answers": [ - "A group of operators sharing common interests", - "A way for groups of users to share a channel at different times without hearing other users on the channel", - "A protocol that increases the signal-to-noise ratio when multiple repeaters are linked together", - "A net that meets at a specified time" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8D03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What kind of data can be transmitted by APRS?", - "answers": [ - "GPS position data", - "Text messages", - "Weather data", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8D04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of transmission is indicated by the term \"NTSC?\"", - "answers": [ - "A Normal Transmission mode in Static Circuit", - "A special mode for satellite uplink", - "An analog fast-scan color TV signal", - "A frame compression scheme for TV signals" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8D05", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is an application of APRS?", - "answers": [ - "Providing real-time tactical digital communications in conjunction with a map showing the locations of stations", - "Showing automatically the number of packets transmitted via PACTOR during a specific time interval", - "Providing voice over internet connection between repeaters", - "Providing information on the number of stations signed into a repeater" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8D06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What does the abbreviation \"PSK\" mean?", - "answers": [ - "Pulse Shift Keying", - "Phase Shift Keying", - "Packet Short Keying", - "Phased Slide Keying" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8D07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes DMR?", - "answers": [ - "A technique for time-multiplexing two digital voice signals on a single 12.5 kHz repeater channel", - "An automatic position tracking mode for FM mobiles communicating through repeaters", - "An automatic computer logging technique for hands-off logging when communicating while operating a vehicle", - "A digital technique for transmitting on two repeater inputs simultaneously for automatic error correction" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8D08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is included in packet radio transmissions?", - "answers": [ - "A check sum that permits error detection", - "A header that contains the call sign of the station to which the information is being sent", - "Automatic repeat request in case of error", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8D09", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is CW?", - "answers": [ - "A type of electromagnetic propagation", - "A digital mode used primarily on 2 meter FM", - "A technique for coil winding", - "Another name for a Morse code transmission" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8D10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following operating activities is supported by digital mode software in the WSJT-X software suite?", - "answers": [ - "Earth-Moon-Earth", - "Weak signal propagation beacons", - "Meteor scatter", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8D11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an ARQ transmission system?", - "answers": [ - "A special transmission format limited to video signals", - "A system used to encrypt command signals to an amateur radio satellite", - "An error correction method in which the receiving station detects errors and sends a request for retransmission", - "A method of compressing data using autonomous reiterative Q codes prior to final encoding" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8D12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following best describes an amateur radio mesh network?", - "answers": [ - "An amateur-radio based data network using commercial Wi-Fi equipment with modified firmware", - "A wide-bandwidth digital voice mode employing DMR protocols", - "A satellite communications network using modified commercial satellite TV hardware", - "An internet linking protocol used to network repeaters" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T8D13", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is FT8?", - "answers": [ - "A wideband FM voice mode", - "A digital mode capable of low signal-to-noise operation", - "An eight channel multiplex mode for FM repeaters", - "A digital slow-scan TV mode with forward error correction and automatic color compensation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9A01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a beam antenna?", - "answers": [ - "An antenna built from aluminum I-beams", - "An omnidirectional antenna invented by Clarence Beam", - "An antenna that concentrates signals in one direction", - "An antenna that reverses the phase of received signals" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9A02", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes a type of antenna loading?", - "answers": [ - "Electrically lengthening by inserting inductors in radiating elements", - "Inserting a resistor in the radiating portion of the antenna to make it resonant", - "Installing a spring in the base of a mobile vertical antenna to make it more flexible", - "Strengthening the radiating elements of a beam antenna to better resist wind damage" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9A03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following describes a simple dipole oriented parallel to Earth's surface?", - "answers": [ - "A ground-wave antenna", - "A horizontally polarized antenna", - "A travelling-wave antenna", - "A vertically polarized antenna" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9A04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a disadvantage of the short, flexible antenna supplied with most handheld radio transceivers, compared to a full-sized quarter-wave antenna?", - "answers": [ - "It has low efficiency", - "It transmits only circularly polarized signals", - "It is mechanically fragile", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9A05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following increases the resonant frequency of a dipole antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Lengthening it", - "Inserting coils in series with radiating wires", - "Shortening it", - "Adding capacitive loading to the ends of the radiating wires" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9A06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following types of antenna offers the greatest gain?", - "answers": [ - "5/8 wave vertical", - "Isotropic", - "J pole", - "Yagi" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9A07", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a disadvantage of using a handheld VHF transceiver with a flexible antenna inside a vehicle?", - "answers": [ - "Signal strength is reduced due to the shielding effect of the vehicle", - "The bandwidth of the antenna will decrease, increasing SWR", - "The SWR might decrease, decreasing the signal strength", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9A08", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate length, in inches, of a quarter-wavelength vertical antenna for 146 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "112", - "50", - "19", - "12" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9A09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the approximate length, in inches, of a half-wavelength 6 meter dipole antenna?", - "answers": [ - "6", - "50", - "112", - "236" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9A10", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "In which direction does a half-wave dipole antenna radiate the strongest signal?", - "answers": [ - "Equally in all directions", - "Off the ends of the antenna", - "In the direction of the feed line", - "Broadside to the antenna" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9A11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is antenna gain?", - "answers": [ - "The additional power that is added to the transmitter power", - "The additional power that is required in the antenna when transmitting on a higher frequency", - "The increase in signal strength in a specified direction compared to a reference antenna", - "The increase in impedance on receive or transmit compared to a reference antenna" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9A12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is an advantage of a 5/8 wavelength whip antenna for VHF or UHF mobile service?", - "answers": [ - "It has more gain than a 1/4-wavelength antenna", - "It radiates at a very high angle", - "It eliminates distortion caused by reflected signals", - "It has 10 times the power gain of a 1/4 wavelength whip" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9B01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a benefit of low SWR?", - "answers": [ - "Reduced television interference", - "Reduced signal loss", - "Less antenna wear", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9B02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the most common impedance of coaxial cables used in amateur radio?", - "answers": [ - "8 ohms", - "50 ohms", - "600 ohms", - "12 ohms" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9B03", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why is coaxial cable the most common feed line for amateur radio antenna systems?", - "answers": [ - "It is easy to use and requires few special installation considerations", - "It has less loss than any other type of feed line", - "It can handle more power than any other type of feed line", - "It is less expensive than any other type of feed line" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9B04", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the major function of an antenna tuner (antenna coupler)?", - "answers": [ - "It matches the antenna system impedance to the transceiver's output impedance", - "It helps a receiver automatically tune in weak stations", - "It allows an antenna to be used on both transmit and receive", - "It automatically selects the proper antenna for the frequency band being used" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9B05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What happens as the frequency of a signal in coaxial cable is increased?", - "answers": [ - "The characteristic impedance decreases", - "The loss decreases", - "The characteristic impedance increases", - "The loss increases" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9B06", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following RF connector types is most suitable for frequencies above 400 MHz?", - "answers": [ - "UHF (PL-259/SO-239)", - "Type N", - "RS-213", - "DB-25" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9B07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is true of PL-259 type coax connectors?", - "answers": [ - "They are preferred for microwave operation", - "They are watertight", - "They are commonly used at HF and VHF frequencies", - "They are a bayonet-type connector" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9B08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a source of loss in coaxial feed line?", - "answers": [ - "Water intrusion into coaxial connectors", - "High SWR", - "Multiple connectors in the line", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9B09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What can cause erratic changes in SWR?", - "answers": [ - "Local thunderstorm", - "Loose connection in the antenna or feed line", - "Over-modulation", - "Overload from a strong local station" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9B10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the electrical difference between RG-58 and RG-213 coaxial cable?", - "answers": [ - "There is no significant difference between the two types", - "RG-58 cable has two shields", - "RG-213 cable has less loss at a given frequency", - "RG-58 cable can handle higher power levels" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9B11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following types of feed line has the lowest loss at VHF and UHF?", - "answers": [ - "50-ohm flexible coax", - "Multi-conductor unbalanced cable", - "Air-insulated hardline", - "75-ohm flexible coax" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T9B12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is standing wave ratio (SWR)?", - "answers": [ - "A measure of how well a load is matched to a transmission line", - "The ratio of amplifier power output to input", - "The transmitter efficiency ratio", - "An indication of the quality of your station’s ground connection" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0A01", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is a safety hazard of a 12-volt storage battery?", - "answers": [ - "Touching both terminals with the hands can cause electrical shock", - "Shorting the terminals can cause burns, fire, or an explosion", - "RF emissions from a nearby transmitter can cause the electrolyte to emit poison gas", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0A02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What health hazard is presented by electrical current flowing through the body?", - "answers": [ - "It may cause injury by heating tissue", - "It may disrupt the electrical functions of cells", - "It may cause involuntary muscle contractions", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0A03", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "In the United States, what circuit does black wire insulation indicate in a three-wire 120 V cable?", - "answers": [ - "Neutral", - "Hot", - "Equipment ground", - "Black insulation is never used" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0A04", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit?", - "answers": [ - "To prevent power supply ripple from damaging a component", - "To remove power in case of overload", - "To limit current to prevent shocks", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0A05", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why should a 5-ampere fuse never be replaced with a 20-ampere fuse?", - "answers": [ - "The larger fuse would be likely to blow because it is rated for higher current", - "The power supply ripple would greatly increase", - "Excessive current could cause a fire", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0A06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is a good way to guard against electrical shock at your station?", - "answers": [ - "Use three-wire cords and plugs for all AC powered equipment", - "Connect all AC powered station equipment to a common safety ground", - "Install mechanical interlocks in high-voltage circuits", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0A07", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Where should a lightning arrester be installed in a coaxial feed line?", - "answers": [ - "At the output connector of a transceiver", - "At the antenna feed point", - "At the ac power service panel", - "On a grounded panel near where feed lines enter the building" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0A08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Where should a fuse or circuit breaker be installed in a 120V AC power circuit?", - "answers": [ - "In series with the hot conductor only", - "In series with the hot and neutral conductors", - "In parallel with the hot conductor only", - "In parallel with the hot and neutral conductors" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0A09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What should be done to all external ground rods or earth connections?", - "answers": [ - "Waterproof them with silicone caulk or electrical tape", - "Keep them as far apart as possible", - "Bond them together with heavy wire or conductive strap", - "Tune them for resonance on the lowest frequency of operation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0A10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "What hazard is caused by charging or discharging a battery too quickly?", - "answers": [ - "Overheating or out-gassing", - "Excess output ripple", - "Half-wave rectification", - "Inverse memory effect" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0A11", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What hazard exists in a power supply immediately after turning it off?", - "answers": [ - "Circulating currents in the dc filter", - "Leakage flux in the power transformer", - "Voltage transients from kickback diodes", - "Charge stored in filter capacitors" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0A12", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following precautions should be taken when measuring high voltages with a voltmeter?", - "answers": [ - "Ensure that the voltmeter has very low impedance", - "Ensure that the voltmeter and leads are rated for use at the voltages to be measured", - "Ensure that the circuit is grounded through the voltmeter", - "Ensure that the voltmeter is set to the correct frequency" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0B01", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is good practice when installing ground wires on a tower for lightning protection?", - "answers": [ - "Put a drip loop in the ground connection to prevent water damage to the ground system", - "Make sure all ground wire bends are right angles", - "Ensure that connections are short and direct", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0B02", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is required when climbing an antenna tower?", - "answers": [ - "Have sufficient training on safe tower climbing techniques", - "Use appropriate tie-off to the tower at all times", - "Always wear an approved climbing harness", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0B03", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Under what circumstances is it safe to climb a tower without a helper or observer?", - "answers": [ - "When no electrical work is being performed", - "When no mechanical work is being performed", - "When the work being done is not more than 20 feet above the ground", - "Never" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0B04", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is an important safety precaution to observe when putting up an antenna tower?", - "answers": [ - "Wear a ground strap connected to your wrist at all times", - "Insulate the base of the tower to avoid lightning strikes", - "Look for and stay clear of any overhead electrical wires", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0B05", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the purpose of a safety wire through a turnbuckle used to tension guy lines?", - "answers": [ - "Secure the guy line if the turnbuckle breaks", - "Prevent loosening of the turnbuckle from vibration", - "Provide a ground path for lightning strikes", - "Provide an ability to measure for proper tensioning" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0B06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the minimum safe distance from a power line to allow when installing an antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Add the height of the antenna to the height of the power line and multiply by a factor of 1.5", - "The height of the power line above ground", - "1/2 wavelength at the operating frequency", - "Enough so that if the antenna falls, no part of it can come closer than 10 feet to the power wires" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0B07", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is an important safety rule to remember when using a crank-up tower?", - "answers": [ - "This type of tower must never be painted", - "This type of tower must never be grounded", - "This type of tower must not be climbed unless it is retracted, or mechanical safety locking devices have been installed", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0B08", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which is a proper grounding method for a tower?", - "answers": [ - "A single four-foot ground rod, driven into the ground no more than 12 inches from the base", - "A ferrite-core RF choke connected between the tower and ground", - "A connection between the tower base and a cold water pipe", - "Separate eight-foot ground rods for each tower leg, bonded to the tower and each other" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0B09", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why should you avoid attaching an antenna to a utility pole?", - "answers": [ - "The antenna will not work properly because of induced voltages", - "The 60 Hz radiations from the feed line may increase the SWR", - "The antenna could contact high-voltage power lines", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0B10", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is true when installing grounding conductors used for lightning protection?", - "answers": [ - "Use only non-insulated wire", - "Wires must be carefully routed with precise right-angle bends", - "Sharp bends must be avoided", - "Common grounds must be avoided" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0B11", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following establishes grounding requirements for an amateur radio tower or antenna?", - "answers": [ - "FCC Part 97 rules", - "Local electrical codes", - "FAA tower lighting regulations", - "UL recommended practices" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0C01", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What type of radiation are radio signals?", - "answers": [ - "Gamma radiation", - "Ionizing radiation", - "Alpha radiation", - "Non-ionizing radiation" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0C02", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "At which of the following frequencies does maximum permissible exposure have the lowest value?", - "answers": [ - "3.5 MHz", - "50 MHz", - "440 MHz", - "1296 MHz" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0C03", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does the allowable power density for RF safety change if duty cycle changes from 100 percent to 50 percent?", - "answers": [ - "It increases by a factor of 3", - "It decreases by 50 percent", - "It increases by a factor of 2", - "There is no adjustment allowed for lower duty cycle" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0C04", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "What factors affect the RF exposure of people near an amateur station antenna?", - "answers": [ - "Frequency and power level of the RF field", - "Distance from the antenna to a person", - "Radiation pattern of the antenna", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0C05", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why do exposure limits vary with frequency?", - "answers": [ - "Lower frequency RF fields have more energy than higher frequency fields", - "Lower frequency RF fields do not penetrate the human body", - "Higher frequency RF fields are transient in nature", - "The human body absorbs more RF energy at some frequencies than at others" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0C06", - "correct": 3, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following is an acceptable method to determine whether your station complies with FCC RF exposure regulations?", - "answers": [ - "By calculation based on FCC OET Bulletin 65", - "By calculation based on computer modeling", - "By measurement of field strength using calibrated equipment", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0C07", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "What hazard is created by touching an antenna during a transmission?", - "answers": [ - "Electrocution", - "RF burn to skin", - "Radiation poisoning", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0C08", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Which of the following actions can reduce exposure to RF radiation?", - "answers": [ - "Relocate antennas", - "Relocate the transmitter", - "Increase the duty cycle", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0C09", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "How can you make sure your station stays in compliance with RF safety regulations?", - "answers": [ - "By informing the FCC of any changes made in your station", - "By re-evaluating the station whenever an item in the transmitter or antenna system is changed", - "By making sure your antennas have low SWR", - "All these choices are correct" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0C10", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "Why is duty cycle one of the factors used to determine safe RF radiation exposure levels?", - "answers": [ - "It affects the average exposure to radiation", - "It affects the peak exposure to radiation", - "It takes into account the antenna feed line loss", - "It takes into account the thermal effects of the final amplifier" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0C11", - "correct": 2, - "refs": "", - "question": "What is the definition of duty cycle during the averaging time for RF exposure?", - "answers": [ - "The difference between the lowest power output and the highest power output of a transmitter", - "The difference between the PEP and average power output of a transmitter", - "The percentage of time that a transmitter is transmitting", - "The percentage of time that a transmitter is not transmitting" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0C12", - "correct": 0, - "refs": "", - "question": "How does RF radiation differ from ionizing radiation (radioactivity)?", - "answers": [ - "RF radiation does not have sufficient energy to cause chemical changes in cells and damage DNA", - "RF radiation can only be detected with an RF dosimeter", - "RF radiation is limited in range to a few feet", - "RF radiation is perfectly safe" - ] - }, - { - "id": "T0C13", - "correct": 1, - "refs": "", - "question": "Who is responsible for ensuring that no person is exposed to RF energy above the FCC exposure limits?", - "answers": [ - "The FCC", - "The station licensee", - "Anyone who is near an antenna", - "The local zoning board" - ] - } -]